几种单质炸药燃烧性能及应用的研究

【作者】 祝明水；

【导师】 龙新平；

【作者基本信息】 中国工程物理研究院北京研究生部 ， 武器系统与运用工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对几种单质炸药燃烧性能及应用进行了研究。研究采用密闭爆发器实验对炸药的燃烧性能参数（如火药力、余容等）进行了测试，并采用VLWR状态方程方法对这些燃烧参数进行了热力学计算，获得与实验吻合的燃烧性能参数。利用计算结果和密闭爆发器实验结果指导了燃气做功元件装药设计，实验表明输出最大压力预估值与实验值接近。具体如下： （1）密闭爆发器实验 选定HMX、RDX、HNS-Ⅰ和B／KNO₃作为实验样品，进行了密闭爆发器内燃烧实验研究。实验测得了它们的火药力、余容、燃速系数、压力指数等燃烧性能参数。通过对测试结果的分析表明，在特定条件下具有相同原子组成比例的炸药，其燃烧性能相近；同种炸药的药柱和药粉燃烧性能差异较大；在211.7～635.0μm范围内，HMX、RDX颗粒越细，燃烧越快。 （2）炸药及点火药燃烧性能参数计算 应用热力学程序VLWR计算HMX、RDX、HNS-Ⅰ及点火药B／KNO₃的燃烧性能参数及燃烧平衡产物组成，得到了与密闭爆发器实验相近的燃烧性能参数。标定了硼系氧化产物的热力学函数系数，并通过热力学计算给出了B／KNO₃的燃烧产物组成。通过HMX、RDX计算结果与实验结果的比较分析，表明实际燃烧反应接近平衡。对计算结果的分析表明，负氧平衡系数较大的HNS-Ⅰ燃烧性能受装填密度（压力）等的影响较大。 （3）燃气做功元件应用 设计了燃气做功元件，并利用VLWR状态方程方法和密闭爆发器实验结果对做功元件装药量进行了计算。实验结果表明，燃气做功元件的最大输出压力的实测值与理论设计值接近，表明采用VLWR状态方程方法和密闭爆发器实验结果指导燃气做功元件装药设计是可行的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The combustion characteristics and application of several explosives were studied. The combustion parameters such as co-volume and impetus of the studied explosives were obtained through two methods, one is the standard Closed Bomb Test （CBT） and the other is theoretic calculating with VLWR EOS. The calculated values agreed well with experimental data. Furthermore, the VLWR calculated results were used to guide the designation of the combustion pot, whose measured output pressure is close to the designed output value. （l）The Closed Bomb TestThe tested samples included HMD, RDX, HNS-I and B/KNO₃. The combustion p-t curves of each sample were measured through CBT. The co-volume, impetus, combustion velocity coefficient and pressure exponent were obtained through these combustion p-t curves. The test results show that: 1. under giving conditions, two explosives with the same atomic number ratio have similar combustion performances, 2.the pressed charge and the powder charge shows observably different combustion characteristics, 3.within 211.7μm-635.0μm, decreasing the grain size may enhance combustion velocity. （2）Calculation of the combustion parametersThe combustion parameters of HMX, RDX, HNS-I and B/KNO₃ were calculated with VLWR code. The thermodynamic function of boron oxide was fitted by method of the least square to JANAF thermo-chemical table, and their coefficients were determined. At the same time, the composition of combustion products were given out. The calculated combustion parameters agree well with CBT results. The calculated results also show that, for HNS-I explosive, combustion performance changes significantly with loading densities. （3）Application in the combustion potBased on the calculated data and experimental results, the combustion pot was designed, and its output pressure was measured. The measured output pressure was close to the designed value, which indicate that using the calculated value and experimental data to guide the designation of the combustion pot is reasonable and practical.更多还原