论我国不动产登记法制的现状与未来

【作者】 张建文；

【导师】 李开国；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 法律， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 不动产对一个国家和民族来说是最为重要的物质基础，是一个国家和民族生存和发展的基础，因而不动产法也获得了人类生存法的称号，与不动产相关的权利和法律行为受到广泛的关注。世界上的许多国家，无论是大陆法系国家还是英美法系国家，都规定了与自己国家和民族的特点相适应的形态各异的不动产登记制度。中国自清季变法以来，主动继受和借鉴德国法的理论和立法，尤其以民国时期编纂的民法典最为明显，当时的民法学家梅仲协所说的“现行民法，采德国立法例者，十之六七”的一席话，将中国法的大陆法系的属性展露无遗，因而本文对我国未来不动产立法的思考和架构都建立在这个基础上，理论和立法规定的上源皆来自于对大陆法系一些重要的国家的不动产登记立法的考察，也借鉴了新近颁布的几部不动产登记法，如俄罗斯联邦的和蒙古的不动产登记法。在中国大陆目前不动产登记立法中，有一个值得注意的事实那就是地方不动产立法特别是经济特区的不动产立法无论是在科学性上还是在立法的完善程度上都走在了中央不动产立法的前面。因而在对我国未来全国性的不动产立法的构筑中也将不少的注意力分给了这些本土资源，分析和评价了上海、珠海、深圳等地的地方不动产登记法规。本文借鉴国内外的理论研究成果，吸收国内外的先进经验，就未来我国全国性的不动产登记立法的有关问题进行了研究。 本文共分三个部分，约计三万五千字。 第一部分：不动产登记法理篇。在这部分中首先对不动产登记法制进行了简要的概述，论述了不动产登记法的调整对象、不动产登记法的要素以及不动产登记法的数种立法模式，然后分析和探讨了不动产的内涵和外延，界定了不动产登记法中不动产的含义，进而探讨了不动产登记的含义和不动产登记的性质、不动产登记的基本价值和不动产登记的局限性。 第二部分：我国不动产登记法制的历史与现实篇。简要介绍了我国不动产登记发展的历史和现状，从立法的指导思想、登记权力的配置和立法的滞后性以及立法技术上的缺陷等方面，讨论了我国不动产登记制度中存在的问题，并简要比较了我国目前两个重要的物权法建议稿对不动产登记问题的观点。 第三部分 我国不动产登记法未来篇。针对不动产登记制度所存在的问题，借鉴外内外的先进经验，提出了我国不动产登记立法的立法模式选择:为一部统一的不动产登记法(典)而奋斗，探讨了我国未来全国性的不动产登记法的基本原则:公示公信原则、统一原则、登记信息公开原则、适当收费原则，最后就该登记法(典)的某些具体制度有针对性地提出自己的意见。更多还原

【Abstract】 Real property is of vital importance to a nation’s economy and its people’s existence and development. As a result, the law of real property has gained the title of "the law of human being’s existence"; legal rights and acts related to real property have been drawing massive attention. Many countries in the world, no matter those of civil law family or those of common law family, have established the system of real property registration respectively reflecting their own characteristics. While China, since the reform in Qing Dynasty, has been accepting legal theories and legislations from German, for which the best example is the civil code made by the Kuomintang government whenMei Zhongxie, the famous jurist on civil law, pointed out, "six or seven ones out of the ten standing civil codes, follow the type of German’s legislation system." Hence, all legal thinking and construction of China’s future real property registration legislations are based on that, with theories and stipulations based upon research on real property law of some key countries of the civil law family and with reference to several newly made real property registration laws such as that of the Russian Commonwealth and that of the Mongolia. The fact should not be overlooked that the local real property registration legislations especially in the Special Economic Zones have gone much further than those in the mainland of China. So this essay, apart from the nation-wide real property registration legislation, also gives much attention to the local legislations on real property law such as those of Shanghai, Zhuhai, Shenzhen, etc.This essay is divided into three parts, about 35,000 words.Part I, legal philosophy on real property registration law. In this part it first makes a general statement on the legal system of real property registration law, including the object of regulation, elements and several modes of legislation; it thenanalyses the connotation and denotative range of the concept of real property; at last it examines the meaning, character, basic values and limited points of the real property registration.Part II, the history and status quo of China’s legal system of real property registration. It briefly states the history and current practice of the real property registration system of China, discusses the existing problems with this system such as the slowness of legislation and distribution mode of registration power and defects in legislative techniques, and compares different views on the current two important pieces of legal drafts on real property.Part III, future of China’s legal system of real property registration. This part deals with all problems existing in the legal system of real property registration, with a proposal for choice of legislation mode of China’s legal system of real property registration. The basic principles of the potential legal system hereof are: public summons and trust; uniformity; open registration information; reasonable charge. In conclusion it expresses pertinently the author’s opinions on several concrete parts of this potential legal system.更多还原