节点文献
论竞业禁止
【作者】 蒋专平;
【导师】 卢代富;
【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 , 经济法, 2003, 硕士
【摘要】 竞业禁止制度是为平衡经营者之间的利益冲突而对竞争进行限制的制度。在传统的大陆法系国家及地区,有比较成熟的竞业禁止理论和实践。英美法系的判例法有类似的被信任者义务的法理。我国《公司法》、《合伙企业法》初步确立了竞业禁止制度,但构架粗糙,条文单一。现有的论文就此问题有所探讨,尽管某些讨论不乏有独到见解,但是表面化的、注释法律条文的较多,深度分析的较少;谈外国制度的多,对我国制度的分析及建议的少。本文针对这种现状,试图从比较法的分析视角,探究成熟市场经济国家相关制度的法理基础和制度构架,并结合我国实际、考量其取舍。 全文除引言和结束语外,分为五个部分,计四万余字。 第一部分——竞业禁止的一般问题。这一部分从两个案例切入,首先探讨竞业禁止的含义,提出本文所谓竞业禁止(狭义上的竞业禁止)是对权利人具有特定关系的特定义务主体的特定行为加以禁止。接着,对竞业禁止作了分类,并在考察各国相关理论和立法例的基础上,指出法定竞业禁止和约定竞业禁止的区分是法学界对竞业禁止的基本划分,以此明确本文的架构。最后,对竞业禁止的法律特征和意义作了剖析。 第二部分——竞业禁止的法理基础。本部分认为,法定竞业禁止和约定竞业禁止共同的法理基础在于法益平衡以维护公平、有序的竞争;二者的差异在于,法定竞业禁止中权利主体和义务主体的特定人身信任关系决定了两者之间权利义务的不对称,义务主体有忠实于权利主体的义务。而约定竞业禁止的权体主体和义务主体是平等的,权利义务是对称的,但约定竞业禁止条款的效力并不当然有效,司法实务须在一方的商业秘密权保护和另一方的经济自由权维护之间寻求平衡。本部分具体从三个方面论述了竞业禁止的法理基础,首先,从利益法学的角度阐述竞业禁止制度的正当性;其次,从忠实义务角度探讨法定竞业禁止的权利主体和义务主体关系的定性;最后,从商业秘密权和劳动者就业权的法益平衡探究约定竞业禁止的效力的认定。 第三部分——法定竞业禁止。这是本文的重点部分,所占篇幅也较长。需要说明的是,本部分主要涉及的是公司法中的竞业禁止。首先,分析了法定竞业禁止规范的性质。基于竞业禁止对营业自由的限制,立法政策均对其持严格态度,因此笔者认为,法定竞业禁止应为私法上的强制性规范,不可将其视为任意性规范,由当事人以约定方式排除这种规范的适用。其次,讨论了义务主体的范围。经过考察,笔者发现,成熟市场经济国家的法律把竞业禁止义务主体的范围集中于企业的管理层,换句话说,法定竞业禁止的义务主体主要限于享有经营决策权的高级管理人员。我国法律构架也采取大致相同的处理方式。最后,对被禁止的法定竞业行为的认定作了探讨。作者指出,成熟市场经济国家的法律对被禁止的法定竞业行为有豁免的规定,且对不同企业的不同主体采用不同的认定标准。一言蔽之,认定标准弹性而宽容。我国则采取的是单一且刚性标准,而且对不同的义务主体采取的相同的尺度,这与发达国家的区别对待原则不同。这是我国完善竞业禁止立法需要注意的问题。 第四部分一一约定竞业禁止.这部分首先分析了约定竞业禁止与法定竞业禁止的区别和联系,以此作为第三、四部分之间的过渡和衔接。其次,亦退了商业秘密权保护与约定竞业禁止的关系,由此说明约定竞业禁止制度的意义之所在。最后,结合司法实务从六个方面分析了约定竞业禁止条款的效力认定问题。 第五部分一一违反竞业禁止的法律救济.由于违反约定竞业禁止义务承担的是违约责任,可比照合同法理加以处理,因此本部分没有加以展开。文章只就违反法定禁止义务的法律救济加以讼退。本部分首先比较分析成熟市场经济国家的救济制度,再以此为参照来论及我国相关制度的完善。
【Abstract】 The non-competing system is a balance between interests of owners and managers (or employees) of enterprises. There is a complete set of theory in the countries of civil legal system. Similarly, there is a fiduciary theory in the case law of the Anglo-American legal system. In china, the corporation law and partnership enterprise law preliminarily establish the system of non-competing. The system is imperfect, so. it is necessary for the system of non-competing to perfect. Therefore, the author wishes to provoke the interests of the jurisprudential circle through this thesis, and hopes the non-competing system can be operated standardized in China soon.This thesis includes five parts.Part one give a general theory of non-competing. It is composed of the following aspects: Definition of non-competing, Classification of non-competing, Legal characteristic of non-competing, and Significance of non-competing. As conclusion, the author points out that the classification , the system of statutory non-competing and the system of contracted non-competing , is not only the basic one in scholar circle , but also is the foundation of the thesis .Part two is the jurisprudence of non-competing, the general character of the statutory non-competing is to weigh interests for fairness and order of competition. But there is a difference between the statutory non-competing and the contracted non-competing, rights and duties of subjects are asymmetry in statutory non-competing system. The subject of duties is boundlessly loyal to the subject of rights. The contracted non-competing has emphasized on the symmetry of the rights and duties.Part three is the most important part of this thesis, which emphatically demonstrates the basic system of the statutory non-competing including: the basic system of the statutorynon-competing, the range of the banned act. It must be pointed out .that the legislative policy of statutory non-competing in the developed countries is tolerant and elastic. There’s much in their method that we can make use of.Part four picks up the two respects important to the contracted non-competing to carry on comparative researches. The effect of the contracted non-competing should be decided in six respects.Part five is the last but not the least part of this thesis. It makes a concrete analysis on the legal relief of non-competing. Drawing lessons from other countries for reference, and stopping up the rough style in the existing legislation are sure to perfect the system of non-competing in China.
- 【网络出版投稿人】 西南政法大学 【网络出版年期】2004年 01期
- 【分类号】D912.29
- 【被引频次】16
- 【下载频次】544