顺德防洪决策指挥系统的设计

【作者】 李平；

【导师】 郭跃；

【作者基本信息】 重庆师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 在我国目前的情况下，防洪仍然主要依靠技术手段，包括工程技术手段和非工程技术手段。随着GIS在水利领域的应用逐渐深入，防洪决策部门将它作为分析、决策、模拟甚至预测的工具。作者在对建设防洪决策支持系统的研究中融入防洪风险管理思想，并以此为基础重新构建基于GIS平台的防洪减灾决策支持系统，把GIS技术在防洪抗灾方面运用推入更高的层次。 防汛指挥决策涉及地理环境、社会经济与工程技术等多个方面，信息量大，突发情况多，决策过程往往综合了多个方面的考虑。本文以地理信息系统为平台，以各种信息技术为支撑，构建新型防洪决策支持系统。通过本文的研究，主要在以下几个方面取得了进展： (一)以顺德防洪减灾工作作为背景素材，针对其旧有的信息系统，结合现代先进的防洪风险管理思想，融入作者对水利信息化建设的理解，从建立专业的地理信息系统空间数据库、属性数据库、查询系统的构建、专家预测系统建立等方面全面探讨。 (二)通过对目前已经建成的防洪决策支持系统的深入了解的基础上，重新从水利数据管理，水利工程管理，洪灾风险管理，洪水调度，城市防洪，会商决策以及业务办公等方面设计全新的防洪决策支持系统的总体框架。 (三)本文在进行系统设计时，考虑实践项目实施的各项目设计原则，融入软件、硬件及多种信息技术知识，对系统的具体实施更具实践意义。 (四)在水利工程管理方面，从旧有的单纯的水利工情数据库扩展到以水利工情信息为基础数据背景的工程风险管理系统，对各类防洪工程在洪水状态下的安全性进行评估、城市防洪工程规划、城市发展与防洪工程相结合、工程实施投资效益分析、工程建设对环境质量的影响等等。 (五)在防洪调度方面，从单纯的防洪调度：防洪工程调度方案的制订和评价，通过综合分析确定淹没范围，扩展到社会经济损失分析与评估。包括灾前风险评估、出现洪灾时的实时灾情监测评估、洪水过后的灾后损失评估。以及有关洪水保险补偿；灾后重建的社会、国家补偿预测及规划等。摘要(六)此外，为适应当前迅速地城市化进程，同时为了适合顺德的社会实际情况，作者在GIS为平台构架的防洪体系当中更增加城市防洪管理模块。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the social development ,human being can control and manage the flood more and more .But ,the flood have never reduced . At the same time ,the technology of GIS is used in field of water conservancy more and more .Some departments use it as a tool for analyzing ,decision-making, imitating, and forecasting , which brings much social economic benefit clearly .The technology of GIS is mostly used in the flood information system ,which includes of geographic environment, social economic and engineering means etc. Because there are much information, much emergency ,quick decision, it is asked good ability to deal with data and make speed reflect.in the fact, according to the experience of the developed countries ,it is very difficult to reduce the disaster of flood as lowest as possible only by engineering means .it is neither realistic nor integrant to reduce the disaster of flood only by engineering means . So ,in order to lower the disaster of flood ,it is a good way to use the system of flood detention district ,flood insurance, reestablishment etc. Although there are some flood detention districts in some places in China, no perfect and operational flood hazard risk management decision support system is established now. We are searching some new thought of controlling and managing flood by risk management policy.flood hazard risk management decision support system, FHRMDSS include of geographic environment .social economy and engineering technology with much data .It need to think about many fields during decision-making process. The aim of this study is build a flood decision support system with the flood risk management . This research area is complemented by the development of a GIS application as an integrated tool for the support of management process. This area aims to test and developed specific methodology of treatment of digital data relevant in this kind of study. The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allows the modulation and simulation of different scenarios and the graphic representation of the different alternatives. In order to present and explain to a non expert public like politicians and the population in the floodplain, multimedia technology will play a valuable role trying to make the decision making process more participated.In this study ,the author try to find a way to establish a new flood hazard risk management decision system by GIS and other technologies ,which will harmonize with the nature rule of the flood Then the system will reduce the hazard of the flood through managing flood correctly and benefit to the human beings .更多还原