贵州七种负蝗染色体及酯酶同工酶的比较研究

【作者】 谢爱林；

【导师】 姚世鸿； 谷晓明；

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对贵州七种负蝗的染色体和EST同工酶进行了比较研究。 染色体研究表明：7种负蝗的染色体数目均为2n(♂)=18+XO=19，全部为端部着丝粒染色体；核型公式2n(♂)=2X=19t，NF=19，都属“4B”核型，按相对长度，它们的染色体都可分成L，M二组，都具有着丝粒C带。X染色体都为L组之首。但不是每个种都有端带和居间带。因此，各个种的结构异染色质含量差异较大，甚至同一个种不同地理种群间都有所不同。 EST同工酶研究表明：同种不同性别、不同个体和不同地理种群之间EST同工酶酶谱都有所不同，而且是性别之间的差异大于个体之间的差异。但同种同一地理种群个体之间EST同工酶酶谱差异较小，相似程度较高，先聚成一类，再同其他地理种群聚类聚成一大类；同属不同种间的EST同工酶酶谱差异较大，具有种的特征，同时也具有同是一属的共性。同工酶资料和形态学资料基本一致。 核型似近系数和EST同工酶酶带迁移率(Rm)的聚类结果与形态分类结果基本一致。染色体资料和同工酶资料都有一定的分类学价值。但是造成物种不同的根本原因是染色体上的有关基因及其以外的其他基因组成(即遗传背景)。因此，更直接、更准确的方法是研究基因和基因组的结构与功能，也就是进行基因和基因组分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper the chromosome and EST isozyme of the seven Atractomorpha species in Guizhou are studied.The study on the chromosome showed that the chromosome number of the 7 species is 2n ( ) =2X=19, and they are all terminal chromosome. The Karyotype formulas are 2n ( ) =19t and NF=19, all of which belong to "4B" Karyotype. According to the relative length, the chromosomes can be divided into two groups, group L and group M, all of which have telocentric-C-banding, but not all of the species have terminal band and center band, the length of the X chromosome is the longest. Therefore, the differences of the amount of the heterochromatin of in each species is high, and even the difference exists in the same species from different regions.The results of the EST isozyme study are as follows: The same EST zymograms of the different gender and that of different individuals from the same or different regions have differences respectively. The differences of the different gender are more than that of the same gender. The EST zymograms of the same species from same region have little differences and their similar degree is high, so form their own cluster first, and then form a big cluster with that from the different regions. The EST zymograms of the different species of the same genus differ sharply, and the individuality of the same species, but generality of the same genus. The references of EST isozyme are of approximately same views with that of the morphology.The result of the cluster analysis of the karyotype resemblance-near coefficient and that of the cluster analysis by means of the relative mobility (Rm) is roughly same with that of the morphology classification. The references of the chromosome and the EST isozyme have the certain value of taxonomy. But the essential reasons for making the species different are the genes on the chromosome and the other genes (ie. the hereditary background). So the more direct and correct approach is to study the structures and functions of gene and genome, that is to analyze the gene and genome.更多还原