【作者】 孙晓玉；

【导师】 杨利平；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 条叶百合(Lilium callosum)花色橙红，植株高矮适中，且有较强的抗病、抗热及耐盐碱能力，是百合抗性育种中不可缺少的亲本。本研究主要以哈尔滨东北林业大学花圃栽培的1年生、2年生、4年生、5年生和齐齐哈尔草原野生的条叶百合为研究对象进行了生物学研究。 研究结果表明，栽培的1年生条叶百合不抽茎，只长几片真叶；2年生条叶百合有50.60％植株抽茎，47.72％植株开花。 栽培4年生条叶百合种子萌发最适温度为25℃，随着温度的升高或降低其种子萌发率下降，但在5℃时萌发率又有大幅度升高；同一果序不同位置果实的种子萌发以最下部果实为好，中间果实次之，上部最差，上、中、下三部分种子萌发率与其千粒重呈正相关；在相同实验条件下，野生条叶百合与栽培4年生条叶百合种子萌发率一致，但萌发完全时间比栽培条叶百合多14天；贮藏一年后条叶百合种子萌发率没有下降。 条叶百合花朵在下午开放，整个开花过程约2～3h左右。野生的条叶百合经栽培后花部变异率有明显提高。条叶百合的繁育系统以异交为主，部分自交。 对‘普瑞头’和条叶百合的杂交试验说明，二者具有一定的生殖亲和力。对杂种植株观察表明，子代性状表现比较一致，并且综合了亲代的一些优良性状，经进一步选育，很有可能获得一优良新品种。 栽培条件下，条叶百合产生小鳞茎的植株不超过植株总数的7.70％；25℃避光是鳞片扦插生小鳞茎的最适条件；外层、中层鳞片生小鳞茎的数量多于内层鳞片；鳞片生小鳞茎数量与小鳞茎直径呈极显著正相关。 新种子繁殖的1年生春播苗生物量分配由大到小的顺序是：鳞茎(44.80％)＞叶(41.80％)＞根(13.40％)；新种子繁殖的1年生秋播苗生物量分配由大到小的顺序是：鳞茎(60.87％)＞叶(22.46％)＞根(16.66％)；隔年种子繁殖的1年生秋播苗生物量分配由大到小的顺序是：鳞茎(59.84％)＞叶(22.30％)＞根(17.86％)；2年生未抽茎植株生物量分配由大到小的顺序是：鳞茎(77.55％)＞叶(13.80％)＞根(8.65％)；2年生抽茎并开花植株生物量分配由大到小的顺序是：鳞茎(65.26％)＞果实(12.38％)＞叶(8.42％)＞根(6.30％)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lilium callosum, which has orange flowers,moderate height, as well as ability of resistance of disease,heat and salt, is a main parent of resistance breeding of lily 1-year-old,2-year-old , 4-year-old, 5-year-old L. callosum cultivated in Northeast forestry university in Harbin and wild L.callosum in Qiqihar are studied in this paper.The study shows that the stem of 1-year-old L.callosum doesn’t put forth and that there are 50.60 percent of stem put forth and 65.97 percent of cultivated 2-year-old L.callosum are flowered.The optimal temperature for seed germination of cultivated 4-year-old Lcallosum is 25 ℃ .The percentage of seeds germination is decreased with increase or decrease of temperature. But the exception is 5 ℃ when the rate of the seed germination could been greatly improved and seed couldn’t germinated at 35℃. Seed germination of different fruit in the same infructescence varies with the fruit’s location in the fructescence. Seed germination of the lowest fruit is superior to the middle fruits,then the upset.The result also reveals that seed germination is also influenced by the seed location in the fruit.in which seed in the middle is superior to the lowest and then the upset. Seed germination has positive correlation to the weight of a thousand seeds .Under the same experiment environment.seed germination of wild L.callosum keeps up with that of cultivated L.callosum while the germination duration was also longer than cultivated L.callosum for about 14 days.At last, seed germination of L.callosum which has been stored indoor for 1 year don’t decrease.L.callosum flowers in afternoon and flowerage lasts about 2~3h. Variation rate of cultivated L.callosum flower has been greatly improved.The breeding system of L.callosum is mainly outcrossing, and party incrossing.Using well-sold ’Prato’ as female parent and wild and high resistance L.callosum as male parent, the hybridization experiment was carried out and the interspecific hybrid was obtained. The result show that the female parent has 33% fruit rate and 8% embrionic seeds Although the difference in form of ’Prato’ and L.callosum was significent, they had certain reproduction affinity, the charactiristic of the hybrid is situated between parents.As cultivated.the total number of Lcallosum which can develop bulblet spontaneously is less than 7.70% of the total plants.The optimal condition for growth of bulblet is 25℃.Moreover, the number of bulblet is linked with the position of scale. The number of bulblet has positive correlation with the diameter of bulblet.The average distribution of each organ in 1-year-old spring sowing L.callosum which origin from new seeds is listed in turn: bulb (44.80%)>leaf(41.80%)>root(13.40%). The average distribution of each organ in 1-year-old autumn sowing L.callosum which origin from new seeds is listed in turn: bulb (60.87%)>leaf(22.46%)>root(16.66%). The average distribution of each organ in 1 -year-old autumn sowing L.callosum which origin from seeds stored for 1 year indoor is listed in turn: bulb (59.84%)>leaf(22.30%)>root( 17.86%). The average distribution of each organ in 2-year-old L.callosum which didn’t develop stem is listed in turn: bulb (77.55%)>leaf(13.8()%)>root(8.65%). The average distribution of each organ in flowered 2-year-old L.callosum is listed in turn: bulb (65.26%) >fruit (12.38%) > leaf (8.42%) >root (6.30%) .更多还原