【作者】 窦福良；

【导师】 赵承福；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 教育管理， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 课堂生态系统是在一定时间内由教室中的师生与其教学环境之间相互影响、相互作用而构成的基本系统。生态化系当今一种重要的思潮。用生态观点来审视课堂，就是用系统观、整体观、联系观、动态观、发展观来研究课堂教学，分析课堂教学的构成要素、特征及其相互关系，研究生态学原理在课堂教学中的体现、运用和发挥，从而优化课堂生态的结构，改善课堂生态的功能，提高课堂教学的质量。本文共分五个部分进行了初步论述。 第一部分，从系统与生态系统、生态与教育生态和课堂谈起，结合当今的生态化思潮，论述了课堂生态系统的基本内涵，分析了这几个概念之间的内在联系。 第二部分，论述了课堂生态系统的基本特征，包括系统整体性、稳定平衡性、动态开放性和可持续发展性。 第三部分，论述了课堂生态的基本结构。课堂生态系统是教师、学生和课堂环境这些基本要素在特定空间的组合，本文首先论述了课堂生态的主体即教师和学生的生态角色，认为教师应该是文化信息的传播者、学生潜能的开发者、学习活动的促进者、意义建构的组织者、人际关系的协调者和心理健康的保健者，学生是知识意义的主动建构者、学习过程的主动监控者和享受学习的快乐成功者；然后分析了课堂生态环境的基本涵义、课堂生态环境的规范性特征、教育性特征、可控性特征和纯化性特征及其导向、凝聚、陶冶、激励、健康和美育功能，并将课堂环境分为自然物质环境、社会文化环境、生理心理环境三个部分，分别论述了它们的构成要素、作用以及相互关系。 第四部分，论述了课堂生态系统建立在其结构基础上的基本功能，即课堂生态系统通过物质流动、情感和信息交流完成它基本的内在功能—育人功能。 第四部分，从传统课堂生态的异化谈起，论述了构建和管理良好课堂生态的五个基本策略：一是优化教室布置，提高课堂环境的文化品位；二是运用现代技术，形成创新实践的课堂环境;三是改善师生角色，建立平等和谐的师生关系;四是突出学生主体，构建以生为本的自主课堂;五是注重情感交流，营造积极向上的课堂气氛。目的就是加强课堂生态的管理，建立健康和谐的课堂生态系统，更好地发挥课堂生态的功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Classroom ecosystem is a basic system in which teachers, students, and environment influence and interact with each other in a set time. Putting this idea into teaching practice is a very important trend of thought nowadays. Using the idea of ecology to survey class teaching is to study it from systematical, all-round and dynamic point of view; to analyze the constructive elements and features in teaching and study the realization and development of this idea in teaching practice that will be optimized in structure, bettered in function, and improved in quality. This paper will take up the following 5 points one by one.(1) Beginning with the relationships between system and ecosystem, ecology and educational ecology, combining the trend of thought nowadays. This paper will discuss the connotation of classroom ecosystem and analyze the internal relationship between the conceptions mentioned above.(2) In this part some basic features of classroom ecosystem will be analyzed including its systematization, stability, balanced development, dynamic opening to other thoughts and sustainable development.(3) This part is about the basic structure of classroom ecology. Classroom ecology is the combination of the primary elements namely teachers, student, and class environment that combine oneself with each other in a certain space. The paper will introduce firstly the different parts the leading roles of ecosystem, teachers and students play. Teacher’s task is to spread cultural information, excite students’ potentiality, promote students’ study, organize the meaning construction harmonize the social relations, and maintain students’ mental health, while the students bearing the task of constructing their cognitive system actively; supervising their own learning process initiatively and enjoying the success andenjoyment from the learning process. Then this paper will analyze the connotation of classroom ecological environment and its standardized, instructional, controllable and purified characteristic. The function of classroom ecological environment as the guider, cohesive force, inspirer and promoter in molding temperament, in art education and in health education will be discussed as well. Furthermore the paper will analyze the three aspects of classroom environment that consists of natural material environment, social cultural environment and physiological & psychological environment. The constructive elements, function and interaction of the three components will be analyzed respectively.(4) The essential function of classroom ecosystem namely the cultivation of students will be carried out through exchanging materials, emotions ad information.(5) At last in order to create a healthy and harmonious classroom ecosystem. Putting it to the best advantage, this paper will introduce five fundamental strategies in constructing harmonious classroom ecology from the angle of the alienation of traditional classroom ecology.(1) Decorate the classroom tastefully.(2) Use modern techniques to create an original and functional environment.(3) Improve the relationship between teachers and students creating an equaland harmonious relationship. (4) Give prominence to the leading role of students constructing astudents-oriented teaching pattern. (5) Pay more attention to emotional communication forming a positiveatmosphere in class.更多还原