基于数字图像处理的金相几何参数的定量分析与研究

【作者】 王建萍；

【导师】 王家平；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 长期以来，人们都采用传统的定性和半定量的方法对金相组织进行分析和评定。随着科学技术的不断发展，特别是定量金相学理论和数字图像处理技术的发展，定量金相学在实际工作中得到了很广泛的应用，已经成为金相学的一个重要分支。定量金相学是一门涉及材料科学，计算机科学和图像处理技术及模式识别等学科的综合型应用科学。 金相定量分析就是应用某些可以测量的参数或可计算的参数来准确地表征组织特点，寻找它们与金属材料性能之间的关系。传统的金相定量分析人工检测是一件很辛苦的工作，有些试验因工作量过大而无法进行。 本文通过大量的实验，提出了一种新的晶粒边界细化和晶界重建的方法，提高了以统计像素为基础的全自动测量的精度。同时在全自动测量数据的基础上提出并用实验验证“用分形维数描述晶粒度”的论断。 本论文的主要内容包含了以下内容： 第一章绪论中介绍了金相组织参数检测的意义，金属材料性能与金相显微组织尺寸间的关系，国内外检测技术的发展和应用情况，并阐述将分形原理应用到金相微观组织研究领域的重大意义。 第二章通过介绍金相组织几何参数以及人工分析方法，通过对铁素体晶粒度测试和球墨铸铁第二相参数的测试分析，指出目前计算机全自动检测尚不能完全取代人工检测。 第三章论述了数字图像预处理的基本原理及其步骤和处理效果，提出了不同检测要求的金相图像需要不同的图像处理方式。 第四章介绍了晶粒细化和晶界重建的各种方法。并通过分析后的图像效果和试验数据，将人工检测和计算机自动检测的进行评定。 第五章介绍了金相几何参数检测的软件组成和开发，以及应用函数类型和流程。最后简述了该软件的主要功能和界面。 第六章在晶粒度检测领域中引进分形理论，用试验证明金相微观组织结构与材料性能参数之间存在着维数关系。 第七章总结了全论文的内容，指出所做工作的成果和不足，并提出系统未来的发展方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 This many a day, the metallography is always assessed by means of traditionally determine the nature or half quantitative analysis technology. With the development of quantitative metallography theory and digital image process technology, the quantitative metallography is much widely used in and become a branch of metallographic. In fact, the quantitative metallography is a synthetically application science with relating to material science, computer science, digital image processing technology and pattern recognition techniques.The quantitative analyze of metallography is about how to determinately express the organization of metallography by measurable and calculable parameters, and find the relationship and ruler between material performance and these parameters.Because of the unsymmetrical distributing of particles in metallography no parameter can be ascertained by several data measured in a visual area. It is absolutely necessarily to have a great lot data to assure the reliability of results.In this paper the new methods of deblurring, thinning and edge reconstructing are put forward by means of experiments. The new methods decrease the difference of results tested by Digital Micrographic Software. Also with these data, a conclusion which grain size can be described by fractal dimension is presented.The dissertation includes seven chapters and the contents are as follow:In chapter 1, the paper includes the importance of the computer-aided assessment and the development of relating research, and the significance of the application of fractal dimension in quantitative metallographic area.In chapter 2, the dissertation introduce the conception of quantitative metallographic, some of denotations, formulations, and the method of manual testing.In chapter 3, a digital metallographic image pre-processing with a new algorithm for shadow remedy and edge detection is presented to make images clearly.In chapter 4, the algorithms based on significantly different methods for grain edge detection and reconstruction are used to demonstrate the relationship more clearly and to give a general view of computer-aided image processing.In chapter 5, the paper introduce the design, algorithms, flow chat and some functions of The Digital Micrographic Tester developed by VC++ and show its interface in the last section.In chapter 6, the application of fractal on grain size analysis is presented by means of results tested by Digital Micrographic.In chapter 7, the work of this dissertation is summarized and the further research work is looked ahead.更多还原