【作者】 范英华；

【导师】 孙葆丽；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 美国大学校际体育运动经过一百多年的发展，已由最初自发的体育活动发展为目前十分完善的竞赛组织体系。并对美国竞技体育的发展起到了不可估量的推动作用。美国大学体育之所以能够良性发展，与其健全的招生机制密切相关。而我国在竞技体育体制改革的过程中意识到：高校办高水平运动队能够促进竞技体育的大发展，并于八十年代丌始进行了一些高水平运动队试点工作。经过十几年的试办工作，取得了一定的成绩，为竞技体育的改革和发展做出了一定的贡献，尤其是在短时期内提高了我国大学体育的竞技水平；但由于在招生、管理及整个培养过程中仍然存在着不够公平的现象，对文化教育的重视不够等弊端，致使整个培养体系未能形成良性发展。为此，探讨美国高水平运动员招生机制，引进、消化、吸收国外的先进经验。对于完善我国大学生运动员招生工作，以至如何真正使大学体育，甚至竞技体育与教育结合起来，达到体育体制改革的目的具有很大的实际意义。 本文采用了文献资料法、数理统计法、比较研究和逻辑分析法研究方法。研究了美国高水平运动员招生机制、中国高水平运动员招生机制，并对两国招生机制进行了比较研究，得出结论如下： 1．美国高校高水平运动员招生机制在招生渠道、资格审查、管理机构、招生程序和招生行为准则各方面均完善、健全。 2 中国在招生过程中，一些弊端逐渐暴露出来，如：缺乏健全的招生管理机构；重视运动成绩，忽视文化成绩；缺乏统一标准，滋长不正之风；与竞技体育争抢人才；与奥运战略脱节；招生的不公平性，将来竞赛缺乏对抗。 3 中美两国高校高水平运动员招生在招生渠道、管理机构、招生程序和招生中行为规定等方面有很大的差异。产生的原因主要与两国长期以来的体育体制、体育传统、教育体制、社会经济、文化背景有关。 4 我国高校大学生运动员招生应借鉴美国的大学竞技体育招生机制，根据我国的情况，对我国高水平运动员招生机制进行改革。更多还原

【Abstract】 After more than one hundred years of development, American collegiate sport has become a perfect and regular organization system, which has made great impetus to the whole competitive sport. The key to the sound development of American collegiate sport is the regular student athletes recruitment system.In the process of Chinese competitive sport reformation, it is realized that college high-level sports team is a useful means in order to the improvement of Chinese sports. And from 1980s, some high-level sport teams have been put to the test. During the test, although some experiences have been brought out, the whole system hasn’t formed the virtuous circle because of the absence of justice and less attention to the education. So research into the American recruitment system should give great help to the Chinese student athletes recruitment.Documentation, statistics, comparative research and logical analysis has been adopted in this research. The research objects are the student athletes recruitment systems in America and China. The results are:1.The student athletes recruitment system is regular and perfect because of the sound and perfect recruitment organization, clearinghouse, procedure and the behavior regulations.2.Although some experiences, many disadvantages have appeared during the process of organizing high-level sport teams.3.There are great differences between the two countries. The reasons are the whole sport system, education system, social and culture background.4.In the reform of student athletes recruitment system, China should learn about the merits of American according to Chinese practice.更多还原