【作者】 傅林；

【导师】 张建州；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 B型超声波诊断仪是一种非常重要的医学影像诊断仪器，是医学超声影像诊断仪中的一个主要类型。B超是许多内脏器官、软组织器官和妇产科首选的医学影像诊断仪器，超声影像仪器所提供的图像占所有医学影像仪器提供图像的四分之一，其中绝大多数是B超图像。但是，传统B超由于其嵌入式体系结构的局限性，不能充分利用现代计算机及计算机相关理论和技术，限制了其发展。尤其是在利用软件进行图像后处理、实现标准化、网络化、自动化等方面存在发展瓶颈，需要大力研究和改进。另外，我国B超在技术上比较落后，产品也大多数是中低档类型，需要迎头赶上国际先进水平。本文从医学影像诊断的客观需要出发，在总结B超理论研究和工程技术经验的基础上，提出了虚拟仪器B型超声波诊断仪(简称虚拟B超)。 虚拟B超是基于虚拟仪器体系结构的B型超声波诊断仪，由PC机、B超硬件模块、仪器应用软件三部分组成，能够充分利用计算机软件硬件资源，提供比传统B超更加完善的功能和更加优异的性能。这主要表现在以下几个方面： 1)将B超硬件模块设计成PCI插卡，安装在PC机主板上，实现了部分硬件的软件化。比如传统B超中的数字扫描变换电路(A／D转换电路除外)和仪器面板就被计算机软件代替。 2)克服了传统B超声像图处理主要靠硬件完成，而且电路复杂、功能有限的缺点，软件成为仪器核心，能够利用数字图像处理软件技术处理声像图，有利于提高声像图质量。在此基础上，图像后处理功能面向医生提供清晰、可靠的图像，容易识别和理解。同时提供充分的参考信息库，提高诊断的准确性和可靠性。 3)比传统B超操作简便、更具人性化的虚拟仪器面板，提供充分的在线帮助。摘要 4)能够提供各种图像评价手段、评价标准和建立完善的评价体系。 5)容易实现与医学图像存储与通信系统(Picture Archive andComlnun 1 cat ion System，PACS)系统的无缝连接，并且能够通过软件实现诊断专家系统，使仪器网络化、自动化和智能化。 本文围绕虚拟B超的概念，从B超的历史、现状和发展出发，介绍了虚拟B超完整的体系结构，并且分别从硬件、软件两个方面对虚拟B超技术进行了研究。对于具体的虚拟B超，本文主要对仪器硬件中的前置放大电路、对数放大电路、A/D转换电路、PCI接口电路、发射聚焦电路以及电磁兼容等进行了设计。在仪器应用软件方面，我们主要开展了仪器主面板、图像处理分面板方又及利用中值滤波、形态学方法和小波变换进行声像图降噪和边缘提取等工作。 通过本文的研究，我们可以得出如下结论: 1.虚拟B超在理论上是成熟的，在工程技术中也是可以实现的。 2.虚拟B超是B超乃至所有医学仪器的发展方向，正如虚拟仪器是测试分析仪器的革命一样，虚拟B超将对医学影像学产生深远的影响。 3.虚拟B超值得我们投入人力和物力去深入研究和进行工程开发。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ultrasonic Tomography Equipment is a kind of very important diagnostic apparatus in medical. It is a main type of medical ultrasonic imaging equipment, and it is the first application imaging diagnosis apparatus in medical scope such as gut, parenchyma, department of obstetrics and gynecology. The images provided by ultrasonic imaging equipment account for one quarter of all the pictures by medical imaging equipment, most of which are Ultrasonic Tomography Equipment images.However, the embedded system architecture of the traditional Ultrasonic Tomography Equipment has many disadvantages, making it failed to fully employ modern computer science and technology. Hence confines its developing. This can be especially shown in post image processing by software, realizing standardization, becoming online, and realizing automatization as well. Such limits need to be studied and broken through.In addition, the technology of Ultrasonic Tomography Equipment in the country is still inferior to the international and the product falls into the low grade, calling for catching up with the level of advanced countries.Based on the real need of medical imaging diagnosis, combined with the summary of Ultrasonic Tomography Equipment theoretical research and experience from engineering technology, and used for reference of foreign virtual diagnosis instrument researches and homeland’s virtual ultrasonic flaw detection instrument studies, this thesis proposes the concept of Ultrasonic Tomography Virtual Instrument.Ultrasonic Tomography Virtual Instrument is Ultrasonic TomographyEquipment based on Virtual Instrument system architecture. It consists of Personal Computer (PC), Ultrasonic Tomography Equipment hardware module and its application software.With the characteristic of virtual Instrument, it can fully facilitate computer’s hardware and software, providing much more perfect functions and outstanding performance compared with the traditional one. We can now describe them in detail as follows:i) By designing Ultrasonic Tomography Equipment hardware module into PCI card, installing into the main-board of PC, it make real the transition of some hardware to software.ii) By overcoming the disadvantages that the image processing of traditional Ultrasonic Tomography Equipment mainly depends on hardware together with the complex circuit and limited functions. Software turned into the kernel of the system. It is capable of employing almost all the new theories, technologies and ways to process images. So the product’s image quality can be improved. Further, its post image process function can offer the doctor clear and reliable images, which are easily recognized and comprehended. Meanwhile it enhances the accuracy and reliability of the diagnosis by affording sufficient reference information database.iii) Compared with the traditional one, it has a very friendly and easily controlled virtual apparatus panel.iv) It can also afford things such as means for assessing images, standard of evaluation and the architecture of an assessing system.v) In the foreseeable future, it can connect directly to Picture Archive and Communication System needing no other medium. Furthermore it can employ an expert-diagnosis system. So it can enable the apparatus online, automation and intelligentization.The thesis centered on the concept of Ultrasonic Tomography Virtual Instrument. Starting with its history and current state and future development, we introduced the architecture of the Ultrasonic Tomography Virtual Instrument. Moreover, the detailed hardware and software design of Ultrasonic Tomography Virtual Instrument is introduced. Finally. As for the practicality Ultrasonic Tomography VirtualInstrument, we mainly gave the design of preamplifier, logarithmic amplifier, A/D conversion, PCI arbiter logic, dynamic focusing circuits. As to software of the instrument, we developed a serials works such as panel of image processing,morphologic method and wavelet transformation image processing program.be By our resea更多还原