【作者】 柏云；

【导师】 冯易君；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 环境科学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文研究了少根根霉真菌处理含铀废水。用静态法系统研究了反应时间、pH、浓度、温度等因素对吸附反应的影响。在25℃、起始pH=4时，少根根霉对铀的饱和吸附容量可达162.3mg／g干重。NaOH改性处理后少根根霉的吸附能力有较大提高，在25℃、起始pH=4时，其吸附量为216.5mg／g干重。吸附反应的最佳pH范围为4～5，Fe³⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、CO₃^2-及F^-等离子对吸附反应有不同程度的干扰，但K⁺、Na⁺、NH₄⁺、Cl^-、NO₃^-等离子无干扰。 少根根霉可直接用于柱吸附，聚胺酯泡沫塑料可有效固定少根根霉菌丝体细胞。碱改性后固定的细胞处理含铀废水，去除率达到98％。Na₂CO₃和NaHCO₃可定量解析被吸附的铀离子，洗脱率为94％。少根根霉可以重复使用，吸附-解析次数达6次时，仍能保持较高的吸附能力。 表面测试表明，细胞壁上的胺基-NH₂和乙酰胺-NHCOCH₃等官能团参与了与铀离子的络合反应，NaOH改性后细胞发生收缩皱褶，暴露出更多的活性基团，使吸附能力增强。 本研究将聚胺酯泡沫塑料固定的少根根霉，用NaOH改性处理后其吸附能力得到较大提高，对含铀废水有较好的吸附处理能力。同时可以充分利用发酵工业产生的大量废弃菌丝体，达到以废治废的目的，吸附的铀离子通过洗脱而回收。该项技术具有广阔的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rhizopus arrhizus was chosed to treat uranium-containing wastewater in the study. A series of factors, such as the reaction time, pH, temperature and concentration etc, which might influence the biosorption, were studied systematically. Its uranium-uptaking capacity was up to 162.3mg/g dry weight (25@, reaction time 30minutes) when the initial pH was 4. The adsorption capabilities were improved greatly by the pre-treatment of Rhizopus arrhizus with NaOH.When the initial pH was 4 at 251, the uranium-uptaking capacity was up to 216.5mg/g dry weight. The optium pH was 4-5, Fe3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, CO32- and F- could affect uranium adsorption respectively,but K+, Na+, NH4+, Cl- NO3- had no affect to the uranium adsorption. Rhizopus arrhizus could be used in column adsorption directly, and thepolyurethane foam could immobilized the cells effectively. The adsorption rate could be up to 98% using the immobilized cells by pretreating with NaOH. The adsorbed uranium could be eluted quantitively with Na2CO3 and NaHCO3.The elution rate was up to 94%. Rhizopus arrhizus could be used repeatly. It exhibited higher uptake capabilities when the adsorption-elution cycles was up to 6 times.The surface analysis of Rhizopus arrhizus showed that - NH2 and -NHCOCH3 groups in cell wall might complex uranim ion in the solution. The cell shrinked after pretreatment with NaOH and then exposed more actived groups, whichresulted in the increase of the adsorption capacity.The adsorption capabilities of Rhizopus arrhizus improved higher when used the polyurethane foam immobilized cells by pretreating with NaOH. It was found ideal results by treating uranium-containing wastewater. This research is valuable in uranium-containing wastewater treatment field.更多还原