【作者】 杨大磊；

【导师】 蒋大文；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 测试计量技术及仪器， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 活塞环是发动机中的一个重要零件，它的质量的好坏直接关系到发动机性能的优劣，其中活塞环的几何参数直接影响着发动机的工作效率与使用寿命，对活塞环的各种几何参数进行精确的检测是保证其质量的关键环节。新型活塞环综合检测仪就是一种能同时测量梯形或楔形活塞环的环高与梯形角的综合测量仪。本论文重点研究了该仪器的软件系统。 论文首先讲述了我国目前大部分工厂活塞环检测仪器的现状及传统的梯形角与环高的测量方法，分析了它们的特点和局限性。在此基础上，根据活塞环测量的技术指标与测量精度要求，经过理论分析计算，设计出了新型活塞环综合测量仪，该仪器采用扫描的方法进行测量，实现了一次装夹同时测量梯形角与基圆高两个参数，接着简单介绍了该测量仪的工作原理和种各种辅助测量机构的选取与设计，明确了整个测量方法过程，然后着重论述了检测仪器的软件设计。 软件采用模块化设计，具有较好的人机对话界面，便于工人操作。论文在软件设计部分首先对仪器软件的整体设计进行了说明，对仪器的主要操作界面进行了简要介绍，明确了仪器的软件工作流程。软件设计分为四个主要部分，在论文中分别对其逐一进行了详细解释。第一部分是传感器的标定，在这里对电涡流传感器标定过程中的不同步长进行了研究，在传感器精度要求范围之内，比较了各种有效的步距，确定了最佳的步距的长度，然后又对标定后的几种数据的处理方法——分段线性插值与分段拉格朗日插值——进行比较分析，在不影响仪器设计精度的条件下，选取了更有利于编程的数据处理方法。在这部分的最后简单介绍了光栅传感器通过串口读取数据并对读取的BCD码数据进行转换与组合的方式。第二部分介绍了步进电机的工作原理与通过计算机软件实现 四川大学硕士论文对时间的精确控制的实现方法，接着具体阐述了对步进电机、电磁阀开关的控制以及通过保护触点实现对机械装置的保护的程序流程。第三部分是对测量所得的数据通过最小二乘法进行线性拟合，求出上、下两梯形侧面的截面线的直线方程，然后根据所示出的直线方程计算出环高与梯形角的具体数值。第四部分是通过仪器误差分析，明确仪器的各种误差来源及其对仪器精度的影响状况，并通过软件对一些误差进行补偿，这在一定程度上提高了仪器精度。论文最后介绍了精度测试，来确定仪器是否满足设计的要求。 经过实践验证，该软件完全能满足测量仪对整个测量过程的控制，数据自动采集与处理、误差修正，准确地测量出活塞环的环高与梯形角。更多还原

【Abstract】 Piston ring is one of important parts of RICE, its quality directly affect the performance of the RICE, precise measurement is the key element to ensure the quality of the piston ring, and its geometery parameter directly affects the efficiency and life of the RICE. New type piston ring synthetic measurement instrument is the instrument which can measure both the height and trapezoid angle of the keystone piston ring and wedgy piston ring. The keypoint of this paper is the software system of the instrument.The paper begins with the introduction of traditional methods to measure the trapezoid angle and the ring height, analyzes their characters and limits. On the base of piston ring’s technology guidelines and measurement precision, after theoretic analysis and computation, the new type piston ring synthetic measurement instrument was designed. The method of the instrument is scanning, the height and trapezoid angle of the keystone piston ring can be gained in once workpiece’s fixing. And then introduces the principle of the machine and the choice of the mechanism, clarifying the measurement method and process, next the paper mostly discusses the designations of the software part.The software is desinged in modularization, it has friendly operating interface and is easy to operate. This paper clarifies the holistic design ideology of the instrument software in the software design part, and makes a brief account of the main oprating interface, makes readers know the work flow chart of the software and has a whole view of the software. There are four parts of the software, either isilluminated one by one in the paper. The first is sensor’s demarcator. In this part, different step of the demarcator is researched, in bounds of the sensor’s precision demand, different step is compared and the optimised step is chosen at last. Then weresearch the methods of data processing------linearity calculus of variations insections and Lagrange calculus of variations in sectoions------and compare them,under the condition of uninfluential instrument’s precision and choose a better method which is propitious to programme. The mode of grating sensor’s BCD code data’s reading through the COM port and conversion and combination is illuminated at the last of the part. The second part explicates work principle of the step motor and the method of controlling accurate time by software, next dwells on the programme flow chart of controlling the step motor and the electromagnetic gas valve and protecting the mechanism through the touch point. In the next part, the data is fitted least square multiplication, then reach the line equation of the two section border lines of the piston rings, then the ring height and the trapezoid angle are gained. In the last part , with the error analysis, the source of the errors and the effect they can bring are known, some of the errors are compensated through the software. In the end of the paper wether or not the machine meets with the request of the designation is tested.During the experiment, the software system can successfully control the whole process of the measurement, collect and dispose the data, compensate the errors, and as a result the precise ring height and the trapezoid angle of the keystone piston ring are reached.更多还原