【作者】 邓文；

【导师】 丁桑岚；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 环境科学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 青藏高原是世界上为数不多人类活动较少的地区之一，随着人类活动的不断增强，近期正经历着巨大的经济-社会结构调整过程。而高原很多地区的生态环境脆弱，以前很多地区依靠传统的畜牧业作为经济支柱，发展较缓慢，单一的经济结构已经不适应现代社会的发展。当地对经济增长的需求使得牧业超载放牧情况突出，对环境造成了很大压力。青藏高原独一无二旅游资源具有开发旅游业的优势，对游客有巨大的吸引力。现在当地的旅游业还处于起步阶段，但游客数量增加很快。而旅游业对当地环境也有正反两方面的影响，如果开发得当，可以使当地的社会-环境-经济系统进入良性循环，反之，当地的生态平衡有被破坏的危险。 唐古拉山乡位于青藏高原中部，在青藏高原有一定的代表性。牧业为其支柱产业，超载放牧现象突出，旅游业发展前景良好。正在修建的青藏铁路是西部大开发的标志性工程之一，为该乡的牧业和旅游业发展提供了机遇，对该乡的资金，技术，市场的支持会加强，同时也面临有力的竞争。 如何利用青藏铁路的契机，减少当地经济对草场天然资源的依赖，使当地资金，人力从牧业上分流，在发展旅游业的同时，保护好当地生态环境，并针对当地人参与的社区建设做理论上的分析，强调了当地社区参与的必要性，论文在这方面做一些探讨。 对于牧业生产，尽量作到以草定畜，提高牲畜出栏率，逐步改变超载放牧的现象，增加畜产品的深加工能力，从延长产业链的方式减轻对草场的过分依四川大学硕士学位论文赖。新兴的旅游业可以为减轻牧业对环境的负面影响提供空间，从牧业上分流一部分人力，资金，改善当地单一的经济结构，促进经济发展提供机遇。 旅游业的发展不能以破坏环境为代价，该乡的旅游以沱沱河沿的常规旅游和以长江源头为中心的特种旅游二部分。该乡的旅游环境承载力要充分考虑对环境的影响，规模上宜倾向于较小规模，控制杂一定的范围内，体现生态旅游的特征。利用去西藏旅游的客源，发展过境游，突出具有垄断性的长江源头品牌和科技含量高的特色，特种旅游要严格控制人数。 当地的牧业和旅游业发展要考虑当地人的参与，才能保障项目发展的持续性，环境效益，社会效益等公益性才能得到保障，防止出现旅游业对环境的负作用和经济效益的外流。青藏高原类似于唐古拉山乡的地区很多，该乡的发展模式为青藏高原很多地区提供借鉴，为类似地区的社会一经济一环境的持续发展做有益的尝试。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tibet Plateau is one of rare places where people’s influence is limited. Great structural adjustment is undergoing in the area with the action of people recently. The ecological environment is frail in many of the area. The economy development depends on traditional stockbreeding and grew slowly. Single economic structure can’t fit the development of modern society. The overloading of herds is increased by the requirement of economy growth, which caused the high environmental pressure. The unique tour resource of Tibet plateau is an advantage of tour development. The local tourism is just beginning and the attracted tourists is increasing. But the tourism is a double-edged sword to the environment. The local Society-Environment-Economy system can be made into the good balance because of tourism, otherwise, the local ecological balance perhaps will be in danger of demolishing.The township of Tanggulashan locates in the middle of the plateau, which can be the model of the whole plateau. The stockbreeding is its main property and the overloading of herds is seriouly. The tourism has a good future. The Tibet Railway is one of the standardlands in the Go West Campaign, which supplies the chance for the development stockbreeding and tourism. The township shall get more support of finance,technology and human resource and face strong competitionThese contents will be discussed in the paper: how to use the chance of the railway building, reduce the pressure of natural grassland, to protect the local ecological environment when developing the tourism, analyze and emphasize the necessary of local society development.For the stockbreeding, the number of herds ought to be decided by the product of grass and the breeding period will be shorted. The appearance of overloading will be reduced. The stockbreeding chain can be extend through the adding the ability of more process. The new tourism can supply more space for reducing the bad influence from stockbreeding. Some finance and human resource can be flowed into the fields.It can change the single economic structure in the village and advance the economic growth.The development of tourism can not destroy the environment. Its tourism can be devided into two parts: the normal tourism around the Tuotuoheyan, the special tourism around the Yangtze source area. The influence of the enironment will be emphazied in the calculation of TEBC (Tour Environmental Carry Capacity) . The tour wil be small size and show the character of ecotourism. The main visitor fountain is the persons who go to Tibet through the township. The unique Yangtze source and high technology will be the brand in the pass-through tour in the area. The number of visitors will be limited in the special tourism.The participation of local ppeople will be important in the development of stockbreeding and tourism. Then the sustainability, environmentaland social benefit can be guaranteed. The loss of tour benefit and bad influence of environment can be limited in a small scope. The development model of the Tanggulashan Township can be the sample of sustainable development about the Society-Economy-Environment for the other places in the Tibet plateau.更多还原