【作者】 曾崇碧；

【导师】 谢放；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 近代外生性现代化国家大多将国家振兴和民族崛起立足于发展教育，尤其重视小学教育，并将国家振兴的首功归于小学教师。在国穷民困、内乱外辱的近代中国，教育救国的理想承载着国人期望。小学教育则是国富民强之根本，小学教师肩负着“教育救国”的重任。通过考察30年代四川小学教师状况，可从侧面透视近代中国陷入被动挨打、贫穷落后泥潭难以自拔的部分原因所在。 文章主要从以下几个方面对30年代四川小学教师基本状况进行论述： 第一，小学师资总体水平差。师范教育滞后使合格小学师资严重缺乏，小学师资素质差。政府采取提高小学师资水平的措施效果甚微，没能根本改变四川小学师资状况。 第二，小学教师职位无保障。民国时期，小学大多实行校长聘任制。校长滥用职权或地方势力、行政当局的操纵，致使小学教师职位不稳定，陷入为争夺职位的“六腊战争”。 第三，小学教师经济待遇低。小学教师待遇普遍很低，生活难以维持。小学教育经费来源复杂、教育经费管理混乱、教育经费分配不合理是导致小学教师待遇低的直接原因。菲薄的待遇导致小学教师队伍不稳定，阻碍四川小学教育的发展。 第四，小学教师社会声望低。小学教师普遍丧失社会信誉，社会声望低。其主要影响因素为小学教师自身素质低；新教育昂贵、不实用以及由教育赶超式发展而引起的小学教育失去信用等。四川大学硕士学位论文 本文通过对小学教师的师资水平、职位状况、经济待遇以及社会声望等四 个方面的论述，基本反映了当时四川小学教师的总体社会地位和形象，这也是 全国小学教师基本状况的一个缩影。近代小学教师社会地位剧变的根本原因在 于:近代中国社会缺乏健全的社会整合机制以确保教育和教师的应有地位。 小学教师的社会地位至今仍然与之所从事的祟高事业不成正比。全面提高 小学教师的社会地位，是始终伴随教育现代化历程的艰巨课题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Many modern exogenous modernization nations had often considered that elementary education and primary school teachers had played a very important role to make the country prosperous and strong. Modern Chinese people expected to save the nation from poorness and weakness by developing education. In fact, the development of elementary education was one of critical factors to make modem China prosperous and strong and the primary school teachers were in charge of the important task. Reviewing Sichuan primary school teachers’ situation, we can find out why modern China was always so weak and backward from certain perspective. The author discussed the conditions of Sichuan primary school teachers in 1930s from the following several aspects:Firstly, many schoolteachers were not competent for their jobs. The backwardness of normal school resulted in the shortage of trained teachers. Some measures had been taken to improve the teachers’ ability, but there had been little effect and still had been short of trained teachers.Secondly, primary school teachers were often in danger of unemployment. In modern China, primary school teachers were employed by the schoolmaster. Because of the schoolmaster abusing his function or the administration authority’s intervention, most primary school teachers had to scramble for employment during winter and summer vacation.Thirdly, primary school teachers’ wage was very low. Due to the unstable source, the disordered management and the unequal distribution of the educationalexpenditure, Sichuan primary school teachers’ salary standard was so low that they couldn’t keep the pot boiling. Little salary caused the teachers dissatisfaction with their jobs and hindered the development of Sichuan elementary educationFourthly, primary school teachers had no credit worthiness, which resulted from poor ability of themselves, the high cost, rapid development but inefficiency of the elementary education.From the discuss above about the teachers’ ability, employment, wage standard and prestige, we can understand how low Sichuan primary school teachers’ position is in the society, and this epitomizes all the modern Chinese primary school teachers. The basic factors which make primary school teachers’ social class so low is that modern China had no perfect integration system to ensure elementary education a sound development and to guarantee primary school teachers a corresponding social status.Today, Chinese primary school teachers still have low positions in society, and this does not gear to the great career they are engaged in. It is the arduous task in the course of Chinese education modernization for the government to enhance greatly primary school teachers’ social class.更多还原