中国改革开放中的产业规制变迁研究

【作者】 周兆锋；

【导师】 郑勇军；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 西方经济学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 在由计划经济体制全面向市场经济体制转轨过程中，中国开始了产业规制变迁历程，其标志是20世纪80年代初，以“政企分离，打破垄断，促进竞争，提高效率”为目的，在电信、电力、交通运输业等基础设施行业进行的产业规制改革，市场化改革是中国产业规制变迁的初始原动力。随着中国对外开放进程的加快，尤其是以中国加快进入世界贸易组织(WTO)的谈判进程为转折，中国产业规制变迁的主动力发生了重大转变，即由改革推动转变为开放推动。为了迎接入世，中国进行了以对内“放松和取消民营资本的市场进入限制”和对外“放松国外资本的市场进入限制”为特征的第二轮产业规制的放松。总之，中国产业规制变迁的总体思路是通过放松产业规制，打破政府行政垄断，引入市场竞争，逐步形成有效竞争，提高产业经济绩效，最终建立市场经济体制。 在综述了规制理论和有关产业规制绩效的争论后，本文介绍了放松产业规制的国际经验及其对中国产业规制变迁的借鉴意义，进而重点解释了中国产业规制变迁中因市场进入博弈导致的不对称规制现象和利益集团刚性对中国产业规制变迁的阻滞，接着在厘清入世后中国产业规制改革的总体思路的基础上，提出了相应的对策方略，最后以电信业和汽车制造业为例，分析了放松产业规制与产业发展之间的互动关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the period of shift from planning economy to market economy, China began the variance of industrial regulation. First, in 1980’ s there were some reforms of industrial regulation in frustrations such as telecom, electrics, transports industries, aiming at separating government and enterprises, hastening competitions, promoting efficiency. Reforms is the original impetus of the variance of industrial regulation. With the process of China’ s opening expediting, especially for China’ s entry to WTO, the impetus of variance has changed, from the impelling of reforms to the impulse of opening. In order to welcome the entry to WTO, China has released the industrial regulation again. It shows to the domestic individuals, China has canceled the restrain for the private capital entering the industries, and to foreigners, it allows some capital to come into China. All in all, the leading idea on variance of industrial regulation is releasing the regulation, breaking the bureaucracy monopoly, importing competition, forming the effective rival to improve the industrial economic performance and establish the market economic system.By summarizing the theory in regulation and the dispute about-the effect of relative industrial regulations, the author introduces the international experience in releasing the industrial regulation and suggests using it for reference to China’ s variance of industrial regulation. Author emphasizes on explanation the asymmetric regulation resulting from the market entry gamble, and the encumbrance from the interest groups. In conclusion, author sums up the strategy on the reforming the China’ s industrial regulation, advancing relevant suggestions to deal with.更多还原