【作者】 郑梅珍；

【导师】 曹中平；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 社会适应行为是指相对于个人年龄与文化背景条件，对其独立处理日常生活与承担社会责任的期待，它是社会性的重要组成部分，是个体对具体的社会环境要求的适应，是个体社会适应能力的外在体现，是测量社会成熟发展情况的一项重要尺度。幼儿社会适应行为主要体现在幼儿的日常生活技能、感觉运动技能、初步的沟通技能和社会化等几个方面。研究表明社会活动、独立做事、亲子关系、心理教育、父母职业是影响儿童社会适应行为的主要因素。 研究表明：社会适应行为在很大程度上决定了个体的社会关系的好坏、事业的成功与否或在社会生活中的满意度，社会适应行为也是影响同伴关系好坏的一个重要因素。国内对社会适应行为的研究主要集中在对国外量表的修订或利用量表对适应行为不良群体进行诊断及与智力相关的研究领域，缺少对正常儿童群体社会适应行为早期教育介入的干预研究。 另一方面，蒙台梭利教育思想以它在当今学前教育体系中的重要地位，成为了我国幼教改革过程中最为关注的焦点。但是国内在借鉴蒙台梭利教育模式的过程中，绝大多数只停留在其对儿童认知研究的层面上，缺少了对蒙台梭利教育思想中促进幼儿社会性发展的理论和实证性研究。鉴于此，本研究试图在这一方面作初步的实证研究，考察蒙台梭利教育模式对幼儿社会适应行为发展的影响，为促进幼儿早期社会性发展提供可靠而有价值的科学依据。 本研究在湖南省长沙市中华英才幼儿园进行，选取被试共45名，用匹配法分别编入实验组和控制组，在蒙台梭利教育模式和我国现行传统幼儿教育两种模式进行了为期4个月的实验；采用的工具是杭州大学儿童成长发育和智能发展研究中心与杭州大学心理学系共同编制的《3——7岁儿童社会适应行为评定量表》，测查了两种模式对幼儿适应行为的干预效果。从日常生活训练过程、班级组织形式、环境的创设、自主性工作、及教具的设计等几个角度讨论分析了蒙台梭利教育模式对幼儿适应行为发展的影响。研究结果表明： 1．在促进幼儿社会适应行为发展上，蒙台梭利教育模式要好于我国现行传统幼儿教育模式，尤其在生活自立、作业、交往、自我管理等方面优势体现得更明显，两组差异均达到了显著水平; 2.随着年龄的成长，两种模式下的幼儿社会适应行为都得到了发展; 3.不同年龄段幼儿在接受蒙台梭利教育模式时社会适应行为没有明显差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Social adaptive behavior is the expectation of technical ability which deals with daily life and undertakes society duty, which is related with individual’s age and civilization background. And the children’s adaptive behavior mainly embodies in skills including dealing with daily life, feeling and motion, preliminary communications and socialization. Research indicates that social activities, independence, parent-offspring relation, parents’ occupation are the major factors that influence children’s adaptive behavior.Nowadays, how to carry on quality-oriented education, especially at key age seems particularly important. The sociality education is the important component of quality-oriented education, and adaptive behavior is important component of sociality. Many researches indicate that the lack of adaptive behavior is one of the chief causes resulting in bad peer relations. Researches on this field in China mainly focus on reforming foreign countries measure revision or diagnose, lacking intervention research on normal children that early education involved.Montessori’s educational thought plays an important role in the early childhood education nowadays, which is the focus of preschool reformation in our country, but sociality studies and experimental study on Montessori method in our country are seldom seen. We think it is necessary for us to study Montessori method experimentally in order to provide reference for the ECE(early childhood education)reformation in our country.We took the research in the Chinese talent kindergarten in Chang sha and compared the effects of two groups which are based on Montessori methods and current educational method of our country. The experiment lasted four months. It adopts "Children Adaptive behavior questionnaire " to check the two groups from daily life, organizational form in class, environmental open, independence work and design ofteaching aid to analyse positive impact of Montessori method. The results of study show:1. The difference of Children’s social adaptive behavior under different educational methods is significant .It shows that the children’s social adaptive behavior based on Montessori’s method is better than that based on current educational method of our country, especially on self-help, operation, communication, administration.2. The social adaptive behavior under Montessori method and current educational method of our country has both grown with ages .3. The difference of social adaptive behavior based on Montessori’s method among children of different stages is not significant.更多还原