【作者】 龚文启；

【导师】 蒋新苗；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 国际法学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，随着贸易自由化在全球范围的强势推进，各种关税和非关税壁垒措施逐渐为WTO所限用或禁用。与此同时，一种新型非关税壁垒即绿色贸易壁垒开始被发达国家广泛应用于国际贸易实践中。作为一种新的贸易保护手段，绿色贸易壁垒以保护环境为由，采取各种贸易限制措施，对自由贸易产生了扭曲与限制作用，尤其使我国这样的发展中国家更多地面临被动与不利。为此，有必要加强对绿色贸易壁垒问题的理论研究，以消除其消极影响，化解其引发的各种贸易纠纷，最终实现贸易自由化与全球环境保护的协调发展。本文首先概述了绿色贸易壁垒的成因、特征、及其外化形式，然后阐释了绿色贸易壁垒实施的国际法律依据，认为其依据主要有GATT/WTO中的绿色条款、多边环境协定中与贸易有关的条款及区域贸易协定中与贸易有关的条款。论文接着从绿色贸易壁垒对WTO法律制度的影响、对国家主权的挑战及对国际条约法制度的冲击等方面分析了绿色贸易壁垒对国际法律制度的影响，并就其法律解决途径进行了探讨，主张完善WTO协议中的绿色条款，协调MEAs与WTO相关实体规则的冲突。最后，针对我国的实际情况，论文初步提出了我国应对绿色贸易壁垒的法律对策，建议在国际层面上，我国应积极参与相关问题的国际立法活动，运用争端解决机制化解绿色贸易壁垒引起的国际贸易矛盾；同时，在国内层面上完善有关贸易与环境的立法，构建有我国特色的环境保护法律体系，改革与完善我国环境行政与司法体制，提高环境执法水平与力度，并适当构筑我国自己的绿色贸易壁垒。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recent years, with the rapid development of trade liberalization all over the world, various tariff and non-tariff measures used as trade barriers have been restricted or totally forbidden by WTO. Meanwhile a new kind of non-tariff trade barrier, namely green trade barrier, has been increasingly employed in international trade practice by many developed countries. As a newly-developed trade protecting instrument, green trade barrier adopts different trade-restricting measures for the sake of environmental protection and brings distortion and restriction to free trade, thus making the developing countries such as China confronted with more passivity and disadvantage. Therefore it is necessary to pay more attention to the theoretical study of green trade barrier so as to eliminate its negative impacts, settle trade disputes and ultimately realize the harmonious development between global trade liberalization and environmental protection. Firstly, this article generalizes the causing factors, the characteristics and the external forms of green trade barrier. Secondly, the international legal sources on which green trade barrier bases are demonstrated, mainly including the green clauses of GATT/WTO, the trade-related articles in multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) as well as trade-related articles in regional trade agreements. Thirdly, by discussing its influences on WTO legal system, its challenge to state sovereignty and its impacts on international treaty law, the article analyzes the impacts of green trade barrier on international legal system and discusses the resolving methods from international aspect, holding that it is essential to perfect the green clauses of GATT/WTO and harmonize the conflicts of the substantial regulations between MEAs and GATT/WTO. Finally, according to the actual situation in China, the article puts forward legal countermeasures to deal with the issue of green trade barrier, proposing that China, on the one hand,should actively participate in the international law-making activities on related issues and solve the international trade disputes caused by green trade barrier by using dispute settlement mechanism of WTO, on the other hand, should further perfect domestic legislation on trade and environment, establishing a legal system of environmental protection with Chinese characteristic, reforming and perfecting Chinese environmental administrative and judicatory system, improving the level of law-executing as well as constructing green trade barrier in China.更多还原