【作者】 方满生；

【导师】 周三庆；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 热学不仅是物理学的一个极为重要的组成部分，同时也是历年高考物理所必考的内容之一。但是高中阶段的热学概念多、规律多、实验多、研究方法多，许多学生在学习热学时分不清主次，抓不住重点，普遍感到热学内容不好学，广大教师也普遍感到热学难教。而本人通过对近十年来高考热学命题的研究和多年从事中学物理教学经验的总结，认为要搞好中学热学教学，提高教学质量，必须从以下五个方面予以加强：(1)加强实验教学。物理学是以实验为基础的科学，热学更是如此。而实验教学又包括演示实验教学和学生实验教学，文章提出了加强实验教学的措施。(2)加强概念教学。概念是思维的基础，也是构成物理基本体系的重要组成部分。而概念学生在学习的过程中又很难掌握，中学热学内容虽然不多，然而涉及的概念却不少，文章提出了搞好中学热学概念教学所必须注意的几个重要环节。(3)加强规律教学。物理规律是物理知识的核心部分，它能有效地培养和发展学生的思维能力、运用物理知识解决实际问题的能力，文章结合中学教学实践提出了在规律教学中必须注意的四个方面。(4)加强解题方法的指导。物理问题解决教学是中学物理教学的一个重要组成部分，它对于深化学生的认知结过程，发展学生的认知结构，培养学生分析和解决问题的能力有十分重要的作用，本文对三类典型的热学问题作了比较详细的分析。(5)加强物理学方法的渗透。高中阶段的热学中蕴含了丰富的物理学方法，本文简要地阐述了物理学方法的意义，归纳出了热学教材中的八种物理学方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Not only is the heat science an impotant branch of physics, but also it is the required content in the entrenceexamination to university. But the heat science in senior school has more concepts, laws, experiments and research methods. Many students think the heat science is very difficult to study, what is more, many teachers are also feeling that the heat science is very difficult to teach. By analysing the recent ten-year examination questions about in the entrence examination to university and summing upthe teaching experience of many years, I think we must strengthen the following five aspects to enhance the teaching quality of the heat science, which are: (1) to strengthen the experiment teaching. Physics is a science which is on the basis of the experiment, and so is the heat science. In the article, the measures have been put forward to enhance the quality of the experiment teaching.(2) to strengthen the teaching of physical conception.Physical conception is the foundation of thought. The article has pointed out some measures to improve the teaching of physical conception. (3) to strengthen the teaching of physical law. When we go in for the teaching of physical law ,we must pay attention to four aspects. (4) to strengthen guide to solving problems. The article has analysed three kind of typical questions in the heat science of senior high school carefully. (5) to strengthen the teaching of the physical research methods. The meanings and the measures are expounded to carry out the teaching of the physical research methods.更多还原