论道德素质及其培养

【作者】 雷绍业；

【导师】 易法建；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 伦理学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 所谓素质，包括素养和品质，是一个跨学科的综合性范畴，其始源意义是指人的先天性生理解剖特点，继之涵有人在生理、心理和行为等方面所具有的从事某种活动的基本条件和能力。受此影响，道德素质可分为个体道德素质和群体道德素质，前者既是指行为主体所具有的从事道德活动的基本条件和能力，又是指道德个体在长期的社会实践过程中逐步形成和完善起来的道德素养和品质；后者是指由众多个体具有的道德素养和品质所规定的道德状况和水平。在人的整体素质中，身心素质是前提，文化素质是基础，道德素质是根本。道德素质具有内在性、基础性、整合性、动态性和差异性等特征，与道德意识、道德良心、道德品质、道德人格及道德面貌等范畴具有一定区别和联系，道德素质是一个具有静态结构、动态功能的有机整体，其层次结构包括道德心理素质和道德实践素质；其内容结构就其所体现的领域(横向)看包括社会公德、职业道德和家庭美德三方面，就其所反映的自觉程度在道德规范体系中的地位(纵向)看主要有具体道德规范、一般道德规范和最高道德规范三层面；其对外功能是指对周围环境的影响和改造，对内功能主要有行为动力功能、自我调控功能和价值定向功能。剖析当代人道德素质的现状和成因是一个复杂的课题，本文选取公共生活、交往活动、经济生活和对几种道德品性的态度等分别反映当代人群体道德素质和个体道德素质的状况进行了分析。认为导致这种状况的原因从外部看是由于传统文化的影响、西方思潮的冲击和社会变迁的作用；从内部看在于思想上重视不够，方法上创新太少，物质上投入不足等。由此看来，培养道德素质十分重要。对当代人道德素质的培养，必须坚持方向性、开放性、整体性和立体性等原则，突出与实践相结合这个根本途径，并运用重视人的主体性建设、力求道德教育与自我修养相结合、品德教育与心理教育相结合、道德规范教育与道德能力培养相结合等方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Quality is a synthetical interdisciplinary category,which includes attainment and character. The original meaning of quality is human beings’ innate physiological dissection characteristics, later it also refers to people’s basic qualifications and abilities in physiology, psychology, behavior, and so on, when we are engaged in some certain activities. In the light of this,moral quality can be classified into individual moral quality and group moral quality. The former not only refers to the doer’s basic qualifications and abilities which are required in his moral activities, but also the moral individual’ s attainments and characters which are developed and perfected gradually in his long - term social practice. The latter refers to the moral condition and level which are prescribed by multitudinous individuals’ moral attainments and characters. Amongst human being ’ s overall qualities, mental and physical quality is the presupposition, cultural quality is the foundation and moral quality is the essence. Moral quality is inherent,primary,complete,dynamic and diverse,It has differences as well as relationships as against moral consciousness moral conscience, moral character, moral personality and moral appearance. It is an organic unity with static structure and dynamic functions. Moral psycol-gical quality and moral practical quality comprise its gradation structure. As for its content structure, laterally speaking. it gives expressions to social morals, professional ethics and domestic morals; vertically speaking, it contains three gradations, they are concrete moral standard, commonmoral standard and supreme moral standard respectively. The outside function of it is its influence and rectification to the surroundings, while its inside function mainly includes function of behavior power,function of self - control and function of value orientation . It is a complex task to dissect the causes and present conditions of contemporaries’ meral qualities. In the article, first we will analyse the contemporaries’ individual moral qualities and group moral qualities which are reflected by public life,human relationships,economic life and several moral characters,and then we will further analyse two main reasons that cause this condition. The external reasons are the influences of traditional culture, the impacts of foreign thoughts and the changes of societies, the internal reasons are insufficient attentions to thoughts,less new ideas in methods and inadequate investments in substance. As a result,it is very important for us to cultivate moral quality. In order to cultivate our contemporaries’ moral qualities, we must insist on their orientation, integrality, three - dimensions, we should emphasize their combinations with practice; we should stress human’s subjective development and strive for the unity of moral edueation and self - cultivation, last but not least, we must make sure that the moral education is combined with psychlolgical education and the moral standard eduecation is combined with moral ability cultivation.更多还原