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多元助催化甲醇羰化制甲酸甲酯的研究

【作者】 李翔宇

【导师】 陈樑;

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 , 应用化学, 2003, 硕士

【摘要】 本文对多元助催化体系下,甲醇羰基合成甲酸甲酯进行研究。针对在单一甲醇钠催化剂体系下催化剂活性不高、易失活、寿命短的原因,考察了在不同催化体系下各组分的不同配比对羰化反应的影响,确定了最佳的催化剂体系,对反应机理进行了探讨,并对中试实验提出了改进和优化建议。 在反应温度80℃、CO分压3.8MPa、主催化剂甲醇钠浓度0.4mol/L,助催化剂浓度2mol/L下,通过混合助催化剂A、B和C,形成不同配比的二元AB、BC、AC助催化体系和ABC三元助催化体系,分别考察不同助催化体系对甲醇羰基化合成甲酸甲酯反应的影响,确立在每一体系下的最佳配比。 得出在二元助催化体系中,A∶B=1∶1时的催化效果最佳,甲醇单程转化率可达73%,是一元单独以A作助催化时的1.58倍;催化剂寿命可以延长到325分钟,是一元体系的2.2倍。在三元助催化体系下,甲醇单程转化率可达到74.6%,是一元单独以A作助催化剂时的1.6倍,催化剂寿命是一元的2.48倍,比二元助催化剂的寿命更长,活性更高。 本文通过对实验结果分析,对催化剂的反应机理进行了探讨,分析了催化剂失活的原因,并说明了助催化体系的催化作用。助催化剂的加入有助于保护溶液中CH3O:的活性,助催化剂在一定量下有最佳的助催化效果,当加入助催化剂的量较少时,助催化作用表现不充分;当助催化剂超过一定量时,实际上对反应起抑制作用,而使反应速率降低。 通过研究各催化体系下时空收率与时间的关系,对净化黄磷尾气合成MF中试工艺提出了优化建议。适宜的反应温度是80℃,压力为3.8MPa,主催化剂甲醇钠浓度为0.4mol/L,采用A、B、C三元助催化体系(1∶1∶1),浓度为2mol/L,反应时间为170分钟,间歇时间为90分钟,总操作时间是260分钟。在此条件下,设备的利用率能达到65.4%,年产量可以达到423吨,是现有产量的1.41倍。

【Abstract】 Synthesization methyl formate(MF) from carbonylation of methanol under the multi-promoter system is studied in this paper.The aim is at to solve the problem brought by the single catalyzer sodium methoxide(MeOJVa).The influence of A, B, C to carbonylation is also examined. At last, the best promoter-system is given, reaction mechanism is discussed, improved and optimized suggestions to moderate-scale are brought forward also.Mix A, B, C promoters to form AB, BC, AC binary-promoter-system and ABC three fold-promoter-system. At temperature of 80 , CO pressure of 3.8MPa, the MeONa concentration of 0.4mol/L, the total promoters concentration of 2mol/L,the influence of different promoter-system on synthesize MF is discussed in detail.At the circumstance of A:B=1:1,possess the best catalysis among the binary-promoter-system. In this system,the conversion of methanol can reach 73%. At the three fold-promoter-system, the conversion of methanol can reach 74. 6%, is great higher than both the single promoter-system and the binary-promoter-system.After analysing the results of experiments, the mechanism of catalyzers is discussed. And the catalysis of promoter-system is illustrated also.After comparing the relationship between the space-time yield(STY) and reaction time, suggestions are given to the moderate-scale. The optimum reaction condition is at temperature of 80 , CO pressure 3.8MPa, the MeONa concentration of 0.4mol/L,at the use of three fold-promoter-system(A:B:C=l:l:l,total concentration of 2mol/L), reaction time of 170min, intermission time of 90min.In this condition, the ratio of facility utilization can reach 65.4%, yield can reach 423t/a, more 123t/a than what it is now.

【关键词】 甲酸甲酯甲醇一氧化碳羰基化助催化剂
【Key words】 methyl formatemethanolcarbon monoxidecarbonylationpromoter
  • 【分类号】O643.3
  • 【被引频次】1
  • 【下载频次】186
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