【作者】 吴蔚；

【导师】 孔克勤；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究在过去人际知觉研究的基础上，以Funder的现实的精确性模型为主要的理论依据，以84位在校大学生和研究生为被试，以卡特尔的16种人格特质为人格评价特质，采用自编的网上聊天的调查问卷以及人格特质特征的评价量表，考察了互联网网上聊天中的人际知觉的特点，其中主要包括网上聊天的人际知觉的精确性、元精确性、影响精确性和元精确性的因素(性别、与性别相关的刻板印象、知觉者和知觉对象的人格特点、网上聊天内容的真实程度、特质的可观察性、社会期望值以及只凭言语内容来推断某种特质的难易程度)、自评和他评以及元知觉间的相互差异、影响聊天者受喜欢程度的因素。主要的研究结果如下： (1)互联网网上聊天的人际知觉在某些人格特质上是具有一定的精确性的。其中内在的特质比外显的特质在网上聊天中更容易被精确地判断。在面对面的交流中被判断的精确性最高的外向这种特质，在网上聊天中被判断的精确性最低。(2)网上聊天的人际知觉在某些人格特质上是具有一定的元精确性的，而且在这种情况下元知觉的形成过程与自我判断模型更吻合。(3)知觉者和知觉对象的人格特点对人际知觉的精确性和元精确性都有一定的影响；网上聊天内容的真实程度越高，判断的精确性和元精确性也越高；与面对面的交流不同的是，特质的可观察性越高，人际知觉的精确性和元精确性反而越低；特质的社会期望值对精确性有一定的影响，但对元精确性没有明显的影响；虽然精确性和元精确性并没有表现出明显的性别效应，但与性别相关的刻板印象在网上聊天的人际知觉中仍然存在。(4)自评和他评的差异显示，被试在聪慧性和有恒性上存在自我抬高的现象。自评和元知觉的差异显示在网上聊天中人们可能表现得比真实的自己更外向。(5)网上聊天中人们受聊天对象喜欢的程度受其人格特质中的乐群性、紧张性以及先前的网上聊天经验的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on past researches on interpersonal perception and D.C Funder’s RealisticAccuracy Model, this research examined the characteristics of interpersonal perception in internet chatting, including accuracy of interpersonal perception(self-other agreement),meta-accuracy, moderators of accuracy and meta-accuracy,the differences among self-ratings,other-ratings and metaperception, and moderators of likability. 84 undergraduate and graduate students interacted in internet by OICQ one to one for thirty minutes, then completed a self-edit internet chatting questionaire including ratings on cattell’s 16 personality traits and so on. The results showed that:(1) In internet chatting, perceivers were able to judge targets’s some personality traits with some extent accuracy. Unlike researches using face to face interaction , inner traits tended to be judged more easily than outer traits in internet chatting, and extraversion was judged least accurately in internet chatting. (2) Participants were able to achieve some extent accuracy in metaperception on most personality traits and the results implied that the process of metaperception tended to match self-judgment model. (3) Perceivers and targets’ personality characteristics had moderate effect on both accuracy and meta-accuracy; Participants whose content of internet chatting was more true were judged more accuratly, and had more accurate metaperception; Unlike researches using face to face interaction, traits’ observability had negative effect on accuacy and meta-accuracy; Traits’ desirability tended to reduce the accuracy and had no significant effect on meta-accuracy; Though gender had no significant effect on accuracy and meta-accuracy, there were noteworthy sex differences in the content of interpersonal perception. (4) The differences between self-ratings and other-ratings indicated that participants elevated themselves on intelligence and conscientiousness. The differences between self-ratings and metaperception suggested that participants may present themselves more extrovert in internet chatting than in their real life. (5) Participants’ personality trait extroversion,nervousness and prior internet chatting experience were effective moderate predictors of their likability.更多还原