上海市中学生的心理压力与心理健康的关系研究

【作者】 李金钊；

【导师】 徐光兴；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 该研究的目的有三个：(1)了解上海市中学生的心理压力及心理健康现状，为学校教育工作者提供参考。(2)深入分析影响中学生心理健康的主客观因素，着重探索应对方式及社会支持在心理压力与心理健康关系中的作用，为缓解中学生的心理压力，提高心理健康水平提供理论支持及实践指南。(3)根据上述研究结果，为教育实践工作者提出一些有针对性的措施，以增进中学生的心理健康水平。 研究者采用了问卷调查法和个案研究法。问卷调查的主要工具是中学生应激源量表、中学生应对方式量表、领悟社会支持量表和症状自评量表(SCL-90)，调查了初一至高三的六个年级852名上海市中学生。调查数据采用SPSS10．0 forWindows及EQS for Windows统计软件处理，主要进行了描述性统计分析、多元回归分析和单因变量多维交互作用分析及结构方程建模研究。访谈了(?)位比较典型的个案，个案访谈提纲自拟。分析了一例心理咨询个案。 通过研究，得到了以下结论：(1)学习压力、自身压力和教师压力是上海市中学生的三种最主要心理压力源。女中学生感受到更多的心理压力。(2)上海市中学生心理健康水平不容乐观，有心理障碍或严重心理障碍的学生显著多于全国水平。女生的心理健康状况不如男生，在抑郁、焦虑、恐怖分量表上的得分显著高于男生。高三学生的心理健康水平较低，与其他各个年级有显著差异。(3)消极应对方式对中学生的心理健康影响较大，与心理压力和心理健康有显著相关，可以成为心理健康水平的较好预测指标。积极应对方式与心理健康的相关不显著。女中学生在积极应对方式和消极应对方式的各个指标上的得分都高于男生。(4)社会支持对心理健康的影响同时具有主效应和缓冲效应。女生比男生感受到更多的社会支持。(5)心理压力与心理健康之间存在着显著相关，应对方式和社会支持在心理压力与心理健康的关系中彼此独立起作用，两者之间的交互作用不明显。 根据以上研究，研究者提出了缓解中学生心理压力，增进中学生心理健康的四条建议：(1)深化素质教育改革，切实减轻学生过重的负担。(2)大力提高教师的专业化水平，减少师源性心理问题。(3)加强心理健康教育，提高中学生的心理健康意识和心理自助能力。(4)采取“三层次介入理论”，建立完善的中学生心理援助体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Purpose:(1)To recognize the present situation of psychological stress and mental health of middle school students in Shanghai, to provide some reference for instructors.(2)To analyse the subjective and objective factors that influence the middle school students’ mental health, and to explore the effects of coping styles and social support on the relationship between psychological stress and mental health so as to provide theorectical foundation and practical guide to alleviate students’ psychological stress and to improve their mental health. (3 )To give some correspondent advice for instructors to improve students’ mental health basing on this reseach.Method: Questionnaires were used to examine 852 middle school students from Grade One to Grade Six in Shanghai. Instruments employed included the Stressor Scale of Middle School Student, Coping Styles Scale of Middle School Student, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Scl-90. Regression and general linear model (univariate) were used to test the main effects and interaction of coping styles, social support on the mental health. Six typical students were interviewed and a case of counseling was analysed thoroughly.Conclusion: (l)Life Stress from study, teachers and themselves are three main stress causes. Female students reported more stress than that of male students.(2)The middle students in Shanghai where have more students with psychological problems or deseases ,have poorer mental health than that of national average level.Girls’ mental health is poorer than that of boys, espically having significant higher score in the scales of depression, anxiety, and panic. The students of Grade Six have the poorest mental health of all the middle school students. (3)Negtive coping styles, which have significant positive correlations with high stress and poor mental health,have much influence on students’ mental health and can be a good predictive index of mental health. Positive coping styles don’t show significant correlation with mental health. Female students score higher than that of male students both in positive and negtive coping styles scales. (4)Social support shows both main and buffering effects on mental health. Girls perceived more social support than that of boys. ( 5 ) Psychological stress is significant correlated with menta health. Coping styles have no significant interaction with support. They play a independent role in the relationship between psychological stress and menta health.Some advice to alleviate middle school students’ psychological stress and to improve their mental health: (l)Deepen the educational reform to alleviate the overload psychological stress.(2)Improve greatly the teachers’ proffessional level to reduce students’ psychological problems caused by teachers.(3)Strengthen the psychological education to increase the conscious of mental health and improve students’ abilities to help themselves to solve the psychological prombles.(4)Put "the theory of intervention from three levels" into practice to complete the system of psychological help for middle school students.更多还原