【作者】 王剑平；

【导师】 龚月生；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验旨在通过化学评定方法和代谢试验方法(即试验一)评定水解羽毛粉(HFM)与蒸制羽毛粉(SFM)的营养价值，并进一步通过饲养试验(即试验二)，比较两种羽毛粉的饲用价值，研究二者在蛋鸡日粮中的适宜用量，为羽毛粉在蛋鸡生产中的科学使用提供理论依据。 试验一：其化学评定指标包括物理性状观测、常规成分、氨基酸含量、蛋白质溶解度(PS)及蛋白质胃蛋白酶消化率(PDP)。代谢试验选用12只未去盲肠的成年海兰蛋公鸡，分为两个处理，每处理3个重复，每重复2只，测定水解羽毛粉与蒸制羽毛粉的氨基酸真消化率。结果如下： 从表观数值看，水解羽毛粉与蒸制羽毛粉二者粗蛋白含量相近(分别为71.3％、71.0％)，但蛋白质溶解度(PS)和蛋白质胃蛋白酶消化率(PDP)水解羽毛粉(分别为35.01％、79.26％)高于蒸制羽毛粉(分别为27.22％、66.43％)，胱氨酸含量水解羽毛粉(2.89％)高于蒸剂羽毛粉(1.7％)70％，其它氨基酸的含量二者变化范围在±10％之内。 两种羽毛粉的物理性状、蛋白质溶解度以及蛋白质胃蛋白酶消化率二者之间存在差异。水解羽毛粉的单个氨基酸或总氨基酸真消化率均高于蒸制羽毛粉，在赖氨酸和组氨酸真消化率上两种羽毛粉之间达到极显著差异(P＜0.01)；在蛋氨酸、精氨酸、苯丙氨酸及酪氨酸真消化率二者之间达到显著水平(P＜0.05)；其他氨基酸真消化率两种羽毛粉之间差异不显著。 试验二：饲养试验选用22周龄宝万斯高兰褐蛋鸡945只，随机分为7个处理，每个处理3个重复，每个重复45只，每处理随机给饲不含羽毛粉的基础日粮和以2％、4％、6％的水解羽毛粉或2％、4％、6％的蒸制羽毛粉等氮量替代基础日粮中的豆粕，各日粮的代谢能、粗蛋白、钙、非植酸磷、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸等营养成分含量均与基础日粮相同。 结果表明：随着日粮中羽毛粉添加量的增加，对蛋鸡生产性能有一定的抑制作用，6％HFM组和6％SFM组的采食量、平均蛋重及产蛋率明显低于2％HFM、4％HFM及2％SFM组(P＜0.05)，4％SFM组的采食量和产蛋率有低于2％HFM、4％HFM及2％SFM组的趋势(P＜0.1)，但有高于6％HFM和6％SFM的趋势(P＜0.1)。 两种羽毛粉在同等比例添加情况下，水解羽毛粉对蛋鸡生产性能的影响优于蒸制羽毛粉，且以4％的添加比例有较明显的趋势(P＜0.1)。在蛋鸡日粮中羽毛粉添加比例达6％时，对鸡蛋品质无不良影响。与常规的玉米—豆粕型基础日粮相比，在蛋鸡日粮中使用2％、4％的水解羽毛粉或2％的蒸制羽毛粉，不仅不影响蛋鸡的采食量、产蛋率、平均蛋重及料蛋比等生产性能。而且可降低饲料成本，增加经济效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Physi-chemical indices in vitro and biological indices in vivo and laying-hen feeding trail were used to compare the nutritional value of hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM) and steamed feather meal (SFM), study the optimum supplemental level of them in laying hen diet, and provide reference for theirs application in layer production.Exper iment I : HFM and SFM were used to analyses physi-chemical indices in vitro, including observation of physical nature and analysis of proximate, amino acid content, protein solubility (PS), and pepsin-HCL digestibility (PDP). Twelve Hy-Line Brown adult roosters were randomly divided into 2 treatments of 3 replicates each to determine the true amino acid digestibility (TAAD). The main results were summarized as follows.Crude protein (CP) content of HFM and SFM were similar (71.3% vis 71.0%, respectively). PS, PDP, and Cys content of HFM (45.01%, 79.26%, and 2.89%) were higher than those of SFM (35.22%, 66.43%, and 1.70%). TAAD of single and total amino acids of HFM were higher than those of SFM. There were significant difference on the TAAD of Lys, His, Met, Arg, Phe and Try between HFM and SFM(P<0.05), and no difference on the other amino acids. The results showed that phsi-chemical indices values and biological indices values of both feather meal vary enormously, and HFM had the higher nutritional value than those of SFM.Experiment II : This experiment was conducted to study the effects of diet supplement various level of HFM and SFM on the performance of laying hens and egg quality. 945 22-week -old commercial laying hens were allocated randomly to seven treatments of three replicates each. Each treatment was fed one of seven experimental diets containing 0, 2%, 4%, 6% HFM and 2%, 4%, 6% SFM. All the experimental diets were at the same lever of apparent metabolic energy (AME), crud protein (CP), Ca, NPP, Lys and Met content. The results showed that the treatment in the higher supplemental proportion of FM in diet inhibited the performance of laying hens. Feed intake, egg weight and eggproduction of 6% HFM and 6% SFM were lower than those of 2%, 4% HFM and 2% SFM significantly (P<0.05). Feed intake and egg production of the 4% SFM had a tendency of decreasing than those of the 2%, 4% HFM and 2% SFM (P<0.1), but higher than those of 6% HFM and 6% SFM. With the same level of supplement FM in laying hens diet, the performance of HFM treatments has higher productivity than that of SFM. There were no significant effect of diet supplement 2%, 4%, 6% HFM and SFM on egg quality. The performance of laying hens was not significantly influenced by the diet supplement 2%, 4% HFM and 2% SFM compared with routine corn-soybean meal type basal diet (P>0.05), but economic profits was increased by reducing feed costs. The results from this study showed that feather have good potential for use in laying hens diets.更多还原