【作者】 赫晓慧；

【导师】 常庆瑞；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 土壤学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在调查研究乾县试区社会经济及自然状况的基础上，综合试区课题组现有的研究成果，以地理信息系统和面向对象的编程技术为主要手段，结合本人在流域空间数据库、属性数据库、土地评价等理论和应用方面所作的初步探讨工作，研究了区域土地资源信息数据库的构建技术；开发了适用于乾县试区的土地资源动态监测信息系统；以信息系统为基础数据源，对土地资源动态监测和评价作了应用研究。主要研究结果如下： 1．以GIS软件(ARC／INFO、ArcView)与Visual Foxpro为基础平台，绘制完成土地资源的系列图，包括土地利用图、土地类型图、土壤类型图、坡度图、土壤有机质图等基础专题图件，结合以前的工作成果，构筑土地资源的空间本底数据库；通过空间叠加分析，得到基础单元图斑，采用属性表操作的方法获取基础单元图斑的专题属性信息，结合社会经济属性信息，建立属性数据库；以空间本底数据库为基础，采用矢量叠加对比分析的方法，得到土地资源动态变化系列图，包括土地利用、土地类型、土壤有机质等动态变化图。 2．以空间和属性数据库为基础，以Visual Foxpro为基础平台，采用面向对象的编程方法，设计建立了小流域土地资源动态监测信息系统(LRDMIS)。该系统由从上而下的模块结构组成，扩充性强，是用户获取乾县试区土地资源动态信息的良好数据源。系统数据处理功能完整，可随时进行数据的更新与编辑，主要功能包括：属性数据的浏览与录入、空间数据库的查看与图形处理、数据库编辑、数据库的查询与搜索、相关专家知识的补充。系统界面友好，使用方便，并具有先进性、实用性、可扩充性等特点。 3．以LRDMIS为信息源，对信息系统中GIS与专业模型的结合应用进行了探讨，通过空间叠加分析方法对土地利用现状变化进行了监测，应用景观分析方法对区域土地类型的数量与质量结构进行了分析，应用主成分分析法进行了试区土地质量分等定级，为试区综合治理规划提供了一个新型的技术支撑体系。 4．监测结果表明，在1990—1995年间，乾县试区的土地利用类型以耕地和果园为主，土地利用结构不断发生着时空变化，年均变化速度为16.79％，其中耕地与草地分别减少8.40％与2.55％，而园地与林地分别增加了7.43％与2.29％；土地利用转换方式以耕地、草地转为园地、林地为主，其中耕地68.43公顷转为果园，5.74公顷转为林地，19.19公顷天然草地转为林地。土地类型的结构分析表明，试区土地结构复杂，地形破碎，土地类型繁多，面积差异悬殊，其中台塬地类占总面积的77.36％，占优势地位；平坦条田的分布较广较细碎，出现频率最高；沟坡地类是最复杂、最破碎的类型。根据评价结果可以看出，试区土地质量总体不太高，适于种植业发展且能持续利用的一级地很少，仅占0.38％，有一定因素限制需要改造措施的二、三级地较多，占71.85%，有较多限制因素的四至七级地共占27.77%。根据以上分析，提出了该区发展农业生产，控制水上流失所应采取的一些措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the investigation of the social economy and natural environment of Qian county experiment area, summarizing research results of personnel of the task group, with the main methods of GIS and the technology of Objected Programming, combing with my principium research on theory and application of watershed spatial database, attribute database and land evaluation, studied the establish technology on regional land resource information database; exploited the land resource dynamic monitoring information that is applicable to Qian county experiment area; and used the information system as the basic data resource on the application research of land resource dynamic monitoring and evalution. Research results were as follows:1. Taking GIS software (ARC/INFO and ArcView) and Visual Foxpro as basic plat, protracted the system maps of land resource, those basic subject maps included land use status map, land types map, soil types map, grade map and soil organic substance map, combing with former summarizing research results, built the spatial basic database of land resource; based the spatial database, by the means of attribute table manipulation and take the map plot as basic unit to get the subject attributes of basic information, combined with social economy attribute information, built the attribute database; take the spatial basic database as basic work, by the means of vector piles to get the land resource dynamic movement system maps, included land use status , land types and soil organic substance dynamic movement map.2.Based on the built spatial and attribute database and the basic plat of Visual Foxpro, by the technology of Objected Programming, designed and built the land resource dynamic monitor information system (LRDMIS) for applied. The system is compose of modules which form superior to subaltern and can be extended easily, so it is a good data resource for user to get the land resource dynamic movement information in Qian county experiment area This system has integrity ability of data manage, it can carry through update and edit of data at any moment, it has main functions such as: browse and record attribute data, look over and graph manage of spatial database, graph edit, query and search of database, renew correlation export intellective. And it has such characters: the interface to user is friendly, developed in advancing technology, great at practicability, and it can be extended easily.3.Take the LRDMIS as info source to discuss the combination of GIS and specialty model in information system, by the means of spatial overlay analysis the land use status movements, carried a analysis to number and quality structure of region land type by the means of landscape analysis, and principal analysis was utilized to evaluate experiment area’s land quality hierarchy., all the work provided a scientific foundation and technological support for experiment area synthetic management and planning.4. The results show that during the 1990-1995, the land use type mainly is infield and garden in Qian county experiment area, the land use structure is changing all the time and the rate of annual change is 16.49%, in which the infield and grassland decrease 8.40% and 2.55% while the garden and forest increase 7.43% and 2.29%; the type of land use type changing is mainly infeile and grassland to garden and forest, in which 68.43 hm2 infield chang to garden, 5.74 hm2 infield chang to forest, and 19.19 hm2 grassland chang to forest. The analysis on structure of land type show that the land structure is very complicated, landform is crash, land type is various, each area has great differences The platform land type area is 77.36 percent of total area and it is predominate. Based the result of land evalution, the total land quality is not high, the first class land which suitable to develop planting enterprise and can be use continues is very small, and it is only 0.38 percent of total area; the second and third class land which should be rebuild for some restrict factors is more, it is 71.85 percent of更多还原