【作者】 景天虎；

【导师】 冯家涛；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 地震时各类建筑物的破坏是导致人民生命财产巨大损失的主要原因，也是抗震工作的主要研究对象。在大工业区和大城市，由于地震间接引起的次生灾害，有时比地震直接造成的损失还大。世界上大多数国家的政府对生命线工程的抗震性能都有明确的要求。各国的工程技术人员在工程设计时积极应用和努力寻找各种有效的抗震措施，其中对各种拱式支承结构的动力性能的研究也是热点之一。吊杆式拱架作为一种新型拱式支承结构在陕西省石头河东干渠汤峪渡槽(桥渡结合工程)设计中首创应用。它与常规的下承式拱架支承结构的最大区别在于它的两道下弦杆设置了四道断缝，从而使下弦杆失去对拱脚水平力的约束作用。由于它是一种新型支承结构，目前国内外在工程上成功运用的实例较少，人们对它的有些特性还有待进一步揭示，例如它的抗震性能及技术经济性问题。本文试图就上述的这两大方面的内容，从以下三个角度进行了初步研究： 1、纵槽向抗震性能分析 1)汤峪河吊杆拱支承结构的纵槽向地震效应较小；吊杆式拱架结构动力特性取决于槽墩和主拱圈的刚度，以及结构的整体性，故适当加大构件截面尺寸或提高砼标号，尽量降低结构的建筑高度和重心，在构件连接和变截面处增设梗胁，按照约束混凝土的要求来加强箍筋的配置，增加砼的延性，以克服地震时构件连接和变截面处的应力集中造成的坡坏，并吸收大量的地震能量，从而起到隔震，减震的效果。 2)设计吊杆式拱架支承结构时，各部分构件应当均匀对称布置。另外，还应注意头道梁拱脚附近截面的尺寸拟定，克服地震内力造成的大偏心受压状态给结构配筋设计增加的困难。 2、横槽向抗震性能分析 1)可利用调整构件质量的方法，使得结构的某些构件的地震荷载分布均匀一些。例如，渡槽的非主受力构件尽量采用轻型的材料以减少其吸附的地震荷载。 2)总的来看，各质点横槽向的地震总名义合外力不大，最大值不到100KN，且发生在支座附近紧临拱脚的节点上。这种动力特性给构件截面的拟定和配筋带许多方便。拱架下弦杆分缝断开的做法对纵、横槽向抗震的最终效果是有利的。 3、技术经济比较分析 1)从造价方面看，下弦杆分缝的吊杆式拱架结构相对于下弦杆构造不分缝的竖杆式拱架结构可节约工程造价达到90％以上，吊杆拱的经济效果十分明显。 2)从施工角度看，吊杆式拱架支承结构对吊车的起吊能力要求低，工艺简单，施工方便，工期短；竖杆式拱架支承结构起顶重量大，对吊车的起吊能力要求高，施工难度大。更多还原

【Abstract】 The destruction of buildings, which caused by earthquakes is not only the main reason leading to the huge people casualties and heavy losses of properties, but also the main object of anti-seismic study. Sometimes the indirect sub-losses are more serious than the direct losses caused by earthquakes in the big industrial zones and metropolitans. The most governments of countries raise definite requirements to the important lifeline engineering. Engineers and scientists of every country are trying to apply and seek all kinds of anti-seismic measurements, and the study on vibrant characters of sorts of arch-bearing structures is one of the hot points. As a brand new supporting structure, the steeve-arch was firstly used in the design of Tangyu Aqueduct (also used as a bridge) lies on the eastern main ditch of Shitou River, Shaanxi Province. The biggest difference from the usual down bearing arch structure lies in this points that the four tectonic cracks on its two down beans can’t constrain the level forces. Because of new bearing structure and lack of successful engineering examples domestically and abroad, people have to open out its some characters, such as anti-seismic and tech-economic features. On the contents of two sides abovementined ,this paper attempts to do some initial researches from three angles as follows:1, The analyses of anti-seismic features on longitudinal direction of the aqueductl)The seismic longitudinal effects are small. The vibrant characters are decided from the structure integration and rigidness of piers and main arch-ring of the aqueduct, so the following measures should be taken in order to weaken and isolate seismic influence: properly broadening the section sizes and adopting the high class concrete, lowering the height and barycenter of building, setting hoop steel bars so as to increase the plasticity of the concrete which can absorb the seismic energy and prevent the damages due to stress centralization on the linkages and changing place.2)The structure elements should be laid out symmetrically and uniformly when designing steeve-arch structure, what’s more, the reasonable selection of section geometric size near the arch foots of first beams is paid attention to and the arrangement difficultiesof steel bar due to the big eccentric pressures2 , The analyses of anti-seismic features on transverse direction of the aqueductl)The method of adjusting the elements’ mass can be harnessed in order to even the layout of seismic loads. For example, no-supporting elements should be made of light material which attracts less seismic loads.2)Generally speaking, seismic combined maximum loads of aqueduct transverse direction is less than 100KN,which present joints near the arch-foot sections. This dynamical features provide conveniences for the selections of section sizes and arranging steel bar. The set of tectonic cracks on down beam is beneficial to anti-seism along the longitudinal and side long of aqueducts.3 , The comparing analyses of tech-economic features, anti-seismic features on transverse direction of the aqueduct1)From the angle of engineering cost, steeve-arch supporting structure, whose down beam have tectonic cracks, can spend less money up to 90% or more than the usual arch supporting structure, namely steeve-arch supporting structure is very obvious on the side of cost.2) From the angle of constructing course, steeve-arch supporting structure requires low-capacity cranes to erect, and simple constructing methods easy to meet. The time spending on construction is short. The usual arch supporting structure requires high-capacity cranes to erect, and complicate constructing methods hard to meet.更多还原