【作者】 李军；

【导师】 邹志荣；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文选取陕西省杨凌高新农业产业示范区的4种不同结构日光温室作为实验材料。通过对4种不同结构日光温室内、外光照强度、温度(包括室内、外空气温度和土壤温度)、空气湿度的连续观测并对其光温环境的性能特点进行了较为详细的分析，同时对四种温室内番茄的生长势、产量、经济效益和日光温室的成本进行了计算分析。得到以下结论： 光照性能分析表明，1号温室透光率最高，达73.50％，高于4号温室16.20％，2、3号温室之间差别不大，分别为66.30％，68.10％。西北(?)节能日光温室光照、温度空间分布有差异，但其差异小于传统日光温室，其中1号温室类型又小于2、3号温室类型。日光温室的温热性能分析表明，西北型节能日光温室平均温度明显高于4号日光温室。其中3号温室(半地下式温室)保温性能最优，保温比为0.94，晴天状况下，热量盈余15.81千KJ／m~2，平均最低温度在10℃以上。1号温室其次，保温比为0.88，晴天状况下，热量盈余13.01千KJ／m~2，平均最低温度在9℃以上。典型晴天下1、3号温室平均最高温度比4号温室高6～8℃。对1、2、3号温室的分析比较得出，1、3号温室的结构参数比较合理，适合西北地区的气候特点。 综合评价：1号温室冬春茬番茄每667m~2产5125～7932.8Kg，亩效益在2.5万元以上。投入产出比为1：3.2，在合理范围内，土地利用率达0.80，故推广价值最高。适合在年平均温度10～15℃，极端最低温度在-20℃内地区推广。增加墙体和保温覆盖材料厚度，可以扩大推广地区。3号温室冬春茬番茄每667m~2产5328.6～8197.8Kg，亩效益也在2.5万元以上，投入产出比为1：2.67，且光温性能也相对优越，但其最大的缺点是土地利用率较低，仅为0.65，而且在遇到较大暴雨天气，易遭受涝灾，不适合大面积推广，适合在年平均温度较低、经常出现极端低温的高纬度、高寒和土地资源不紧张的地区推广。2号温室可辅助1号温室的推广适当推广，4号温室不再适合推广。更多还原

【Abstract】 Four different structures of sun-light greenhouses were studied in Yangling Hi-Tech Agricultural Demonstration Zone of Shaanxi province. Light intensity, air temperature, soil temperature and atmosphere humidity inside and outside of greenhouse were observed in sequence. Light and temperature character, tomato growth, yield, economy benefit and produce cost of four different structure of sun-light greenhouses were analyzed. The main results were as follows:The transmission ratio of Greenhouse 1 could be 73.50%, 16.20% higher than Greenhouse 4. There was small difference between Greenhouse 2 and Greenhouse 3,they were 66.30%, 68.10%. Greenhouse 3 (semi-underground greenhouse)was the best one in heat preservation ,The ratio of heat preservation of Greenhouse 3 is 0.94,In sunny day, the surplus of quantity of heat is 15. 81 千 KJ/m2, the average lowest temperature is above 10℃. the next was Greenhouse 1, The ratio of heat preservation is 0.88, the surplus of quantity of heat is 13. 01 千 KJ/m2, the average lowest temperature is above 9℃. In sunny day, the average higher temperature in Greenhouse 1 and Greenhouse 3 was increased by 6-8℃ than Greenhouse 4. The structure parameter of Greenhouse 1 and Greenhouse 3 is in reason . They were suitable for the western area climate.Comprehensive evaluation, Greenhouse 1 was the most valuable in utility. The yield of winter-spring tomato in Greenhouse 1 could be reach 5125-7932.8/666.7m2,the benefitcould be 25000RMB/666.7m ,the ratio of investment and output would be 1.:3.2 ,and the utilization of the land was 0.80. It was fit for the region of annual average temperature of 10-15℃, the extremely lowest temperature is -20℃.Enhance the thickness of wall and covering material could enlarge the expansive district. The yield of winter-spring tomato in Greenhouse 3 could reach 5328.6- 8197.8Kg/666.7m2, the benefit could be also25000RMB/666.7m2 , the ratio of investment and output would be 1: 2.67. The characteristics of light and warm were also perfect. But the utilization of land was too low, just 0.65,and it was easily suffered surface waterlog, It was adapt to extend in high latitude or weather colder or reacher land area. Greenhouse 4 was no longer adaptable for extending.更多还原