【作者】 王勇生；

【导师】 刘福柱； 侯水生；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究目的是通过对鸭饲料氨基酸消化率、氨基酸需要量的研究，建立鸭可消化氨基酸理想模式，提高鸭对氨基酸的利用率，为鸭氨基酸需要量标准的制定提供理论依据，为合理利用日趋紧张的蛋白质饲料资源提供实际参考。 试验1 基础日粮氨基酸消化率的测定 选用6周龄接近平均体重，采食正常，健康的公鸭为试验鸭，8只用来测定基础日粮氨基酸消化率，另外8只测定内源氨基酸排泄量。试验分为预试期、禁食排空期、正试期。使用全收粪法收集排泄物，测定日粮中氨基酸消化率。测定结果为：赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、异亮氨酸表观消化率为分别为74.16％、80.15％、64.14％、87.21％、69.99％；赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、异亮氨酸真消化率为分别为92.82％、95.68％、90.97％、89.58％、88.08％。 试验2 赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸理想比例的研究 通过在日粮中添加不同水平赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸，研究北京鸭赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸需要量，得出之间的比例关系。试验采用3×3因子设计，赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸为试验因子，各氨基酸设三个水平，形成27个处理，每个处理设3个重复，每个重复饲养14只小鸭，公母各半。赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸添加水平分别为：赖氨酸0.95％、1.10％、1.25％；蛋氨酸0.26％、0.46％、0.66％；色氨酸0.20％、0.30％、0.40％。结果表明：1)0到2周龄时，粗蛋白为20.26％的玉米-豆粕-花生仁粕型日粮中添加赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸之间不存在互作关系。 2)在玉米-豆粕-花生仁粕型日粮中赖氨酸1.10％，蛋氨酸0.46％时，能够满足鸭生长的需要。3)在粗蛋白为20.26％的玉米-豆粕-花生仁粕型日粮中添加色氨酸对试验各项指标的影响差异不显著。 试验3 苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸理想比例的研究 在试验2的基础上，将赖氨酸水平定为1.10％，蛋氨酸水平定为0.46％之后，在日粮中添加不同水平苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸，研究北京鸭对苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸需要，得出之间的比例关系。试验采用3×3因子设计，苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸为试验因子，各设三个水平，形成27个处理，另加一个空白对照28组，共计28个处理组，每个处理设3个重复，每重复饲养14只小鸭，公母各半。苏氨酸添加水平为：0.70％、0.80％、0.90％；异亮氨酸添加水平为0.70％、0.80％、0.90％；色氨酸添加水平为0.25％、0.30％、0.35％。结果表明：1)在粗蛋白为20.26％的玉米-豆粕-花生仁粕型日粮中，不同苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸水平对14日龄体重、北京鸭育雏期可消化氨基酸理想模式的研究21日龄体重及14、21日龄饲料转化效率和平均采食量之间的影响差异不显著，可能是由于日粮粗蛋白水平过高或是基础日粮中苏氨酸、色氨酸、异亮氨酸的水平过高。2)在粗蛋白为20.26%的玉米一豆粕一花生仁粕型日粮中不同苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸间对各项指标不存在相互作用，且对照组和试验组间差异不显著。试验4:育雏期低蛋白日粮中添加色氨酸、苏氨酸、异亮氨酸理想比例的研究 在试验3的基础上，将基础日粮粗蛋白水平降低，赖氨酸水平为1.10%，蛋氨酸水平为0.46%，在日粮中添加不同水平苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸，研究北京鸭对苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸需要，得出之间的比例关系。试验采用3x3因子设计，苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸为试验因子，各因子设三个水平，形成27个处理，另加空白对照28组，共计28个处理组，每个处理设3个重复，每个重复饲养14只小鸭，公母各半。苏氨酸水平为:0.63%、0.73%、0.83%;异亮氨酸水平为0.63%、0.73%、0.83%;色氨酸水平为0.19%、0.24%、0.29%。结果表明:l)在粗蛋白为16.04%的日粮中苏氨酸0.53%、异亮氨酸0.52%、色氨酸0.24%，能够满足鸭生长的需要，为较适宜的添加水平。2)在粗蛋白为16.04%的日粮中添加苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸对21日龄胸肌重产生显著影响。4)在粗蛋白为16.04%的日粮中添加苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸对14日龄，21日龄血清尿酸浓度、总蛋白含量不产生影响，但第三周尿酸浓度要小于第二周相应氨基酸水平下的尿酸浓度，第三周总蛋白含量大于第二周相应氨基酸水平下总蛋白含量。试验5北京鸭育雏期氨基酸理想比例的研究 试验根据扣除法的原理，在原有比例基础上，依次分别将赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、异亮氨酸扣除20ry0，而非扣除的氨基酸量保持不变，来确定扣除某一种氨基酸后对育雏期生长性能和血液指标的影响，确定出理想的氨基酸比例。试验共设6个处理组，为6种氨基酸模式，处理1中各氨基酸是按照试验2、试验3、试验4所得出的适宜水平构成一种比例模式，处理2、3、4、5、6分别为扣除20%的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸、异亮氨酸的对照组。每个处理设4个重复，每个重复14只鸭。结果表明:l)北京鸭育雏期总氨基酸需要量为赖氨酸1.10%、蛋氨酸0.46%、色氨酸0.24ry0、苏氨酸0.42%;异亮氨酸0.53%;可消化氨基酸需要量为:赖氨酸1.02%、蛋氨酸0.44%、色氨酸0.21%、苏氨酸0.38%、异亮氨酸0.47%。2)北京鸭育雏期总氨基酸需要的理想模式为:赖氨酸:蛋氨酸更多还原

【Abstract】 These experiments study the digestible ideal amino acid profile for the duck during the Brood time. It can as a theoretical base for the amino acid requirements of the duck nutrition requirement, applied for the practice reference for the reasoned utilize the protein feeds resource becoming more and more rarely .Experiment 1: Determination on the based dietary digestibility of the amino acidSelected the reproach average body weight, formly feeds intake , health of the 16 ducks . 8 ducks was used to determine the digestive of the based dietary, and the rest 8 ducks to determine the endogenous of the amino acid ,used the way of the true metabolisable energy to determine the digestibility of the amino acid . The amino acid to be determined include Lysine (Lys),methionine (Met), threonine (Thr), Trptophan (Trp), isoleucine(Ile) .The result are shown: the apparament digestibility of Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, He is 74. 16%, 80. 15%, 64. 14%, 87. 21%, 69. 99%, and the ture digestibility of Lys,Met, Thr, Trp, Iie is 92. 82%, 95. 68%, 90. 97%, 89. 58%, 88.08%= Experiment 2: Studies on the ideal proportion of the Lys, Met,Trp.This experiment studies on the ideal proportion of the Lys, Met, Trp. Assigned in 3X3 factorial arrangement. Lys, Met, Trp as three factors .Every factor is individually added three different levels . Therefore , there are 27 groups. Each group has three replicates and 14 ducks in each replicate with equal number of males and females. The level of the Lys is 0.95%, 1. 10%, 1.25% ; The level of Met is 0. 26%, 0. 46%, 0. 66%; The level of the Thr is 0. 20%, 0. 30, 0. 40%o The experiment results indicated that :l)There is not interaction among the lys , Met , Trp in the corn-soybean-peanut meal(CP: 20.26%) in 0-2 weeks. 2)The ideal added level of Lys,Met are 1. 10% and 0. 46%, which can apply for the growth for the duck. 3) Added the Trp could not effect the body weight , dietary intake, body gain , and so on . Experiment 3: Studies on the ideal proportion of the Trp, Thr, lie.This experiment studies on the ideal proportion of the Trp, Thr, Ile. Assigned in 3X3 factorial arrangement. Trp, Thr, Ile as three factors .Every factor is individually added three different levels .There are 27 experiment and one control groups. Each group has three replicates and 14 ducks in each replicate with equal number of males and females. Added level of Lys, Met are 1.10% and 0.46%. The level of theThr is 0. 70%, 0. 80%, 0. 90%; The level of the Ile is 0. 70%, 0. 80%, 0. 90%; The level of the Trp is 0. 25%, 0. 30, 0. 35%0 The experiment results indicated that :l)The body weight in the 14 days and 21 days, feed:gain in 14 days and 21 days, the average intake are not significantly (p>0. 05). The reason is high of the CP: 20. 26% or The level of the amino acid is high in the base dietary. 2) There is not interaction among the Thr , He, Trp in the corn-soybean-peanut meal(CP: 20.26%) .There is not significantly between the experiment group and the control group.Experiment 4: Studies on the ideal proportion of the Trp, Thr, lie in the low protein dietary.This experiment studies on the ideal proportion of the Trp, Thr, He. Assigned in 3X3 factorial arrangement. Trp, Thr, Ile as three factors .Every factor is individually added three different levels in the low protein dietary( CP 16.04%). There are 27 experiment groups and one control group. Each group has three replicates and 14 ducks in each replicate with equal number of males and females. Added level of Lys.Met are 1. 10% and 0. 46%. The level of the Thr is 0. 63%, 0. 73%,0.83%; The level of the He is 0. 63%, 0. 73%, 0. 83%; The level of the Trp is 0. 19%, 0. 24%, 0. 29%. The experiment results indicated that : 1)The body weight in the 14 days and 21 days, feed:gain in 14 days and 21 days, the average intake are not significantly (p>0. 05) under the level of the Thr and Ile. The amount of the Thr 0. 5272%, Ile0. 5327% in the based dietary can apply for growth . The 0.24% level of Trp that can significantly effects on the body weight in the 21days is better t更多还原