论我国离婚损害赔偿的范围和法律适用

【作者】 程昱晖；

【导师】 吴洪；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 法律， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对我国婚姻法中离婚损害赔偿的范围和法律适用及其相关问题做出了系统的阐述，全文共分四个部分： 引言部分，对婚姻制度的本质属性做出理论性探讨，阐述了学界关于“契约说”和“制度说”两种学说的论争，确定了“制度说”的合理性和先进性，并由此引伸出离婚损害赔偿责任的性质是一种“侵权责任”。 正文第一章，离婚损害赔偿的范围。首先对各国关于离婚损害赔偿的立法范围和立法模式做出了比较；其次对我国离婚损害赔偿的范围进行理论分析，从理论上论证了我国离婚损害赔偿的范围应包括物质损害赔偿和精神损害赔偿；然后归纳出我国离婚损害赔偿的四个法律特征。以下两节，分别就离婚物质损害赔偿和离婚精神损害赔偿所包含的内容，及其各自的概念、特征做出了详尽的阐述，并对离婚物质损害赔偿和离婚精神损害赔偿的损害认定做出了理论分析。 正文第二章，离婚损害赔偿的法律适用。首先确定了离婚损害赔偿的法律适用原则，有过错责任原则、过失相抵原则、全部赔偿原则、精神损害赔偿限制原则和法官自由酌量赔偿原则，并分别进行了理论上的阐释；其次，对离婚损害赔偿的法定适用条件，即《婚姻法》第四十六条规定的四种法定情形分别做出了系统的论述，为司法实践活动提供一定的理论依据。 正文第三章，我国离婚损害赔偿范围及法律适用中存在的问题。着重探讨了四个问题：1、关于第三者的赔偿责任问题。第三者侵犯婚姻关系中无过错配偶方的配偶权，应与过错配偶方承担连带责任；2、关于举证责任问题。就司法实践中当事人举证难的客观事实提出了一些合理的立法建议；3、关于损害赔偿适用条件的扩大，阐述了离婚损害赔偿适用条件过于狭窄不利于保护受害者权利，应当增设法律条款，并应在立法中规定“其他重大过错行为”的概括性条款；4、关于离婚精神损害赔偿金额的确定问题。将我国离婚精神损害的赔偿方式归纳为两种类型，并引“评定客观化说”分析了精神损害赔偿金额的确定因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 This essay systematically sets forth the ranges, legal adoption and other relative issues of divorce damage compensation in our marriage law. It includes four parts.Introduction part reasonably explores the essential nature of marriage legal system, illustrates the arguments on "contract theory" and "system theory" in academic field, confirms the reasonableness and advance of "system theory" and subsequently draws forth that the nature of the liability of divorce compensation is "liability for tort".The first chapter of the main body is about the ranges of divorce damage compensation. Firstly, it compares every country’s legislation of divorce damage compensation; secondly, it reasonably analyzes the compensation range, expounds and proves our country’s compensation range should include physical and mental damage compensation. Then it generalizes the four legal characters of our country’s divorce damage compensation. In the following two sections, it illustrates in details the content, concept and characters of the physical and mental damage compensation of divorce separately. At last, it reasonably analyzes the damage recognition of physical and mental damage compensation divorce.The second chapter of the main body is about legal adoption of divorce damage compensation. Firstly, it confirms the adoption principles such as fault liability principle, negligence offset principle, whole compensation principle, limited mental damage compensation principle and free judgment of compensation principle of judges. Secondly, it systematically expounds and proves the legal adoption terms of divorce damage compensation, that is, the four legal cases regulated in our country’s Marriage Law. Such illustration provides some theoretical basis for the judicial practices.The third chapter of the main body is about the ranges of our country divorce damage compensation and the problems in legal adoption. It emphasizes fourproblems: 1. The third party’s compensation liability. If the third party violates the unfaulty spouse right; it should take joint liability with the faulty spouse. 2. Putting to the proof liability .It mainly puts forwards some reasonable legal suggestions for the facts that, it is very difficult for people to put to the proof. 3. The expansion of legal adoption terms of damage compensation. It points out that it isn’t good to protect the harmed rights if the adoption terms are too limited, so we should add some provisions and regulate such general provision as "other important fault behaviors". 4. The confirmation of damage compensation sum. It generalizes the damage compensation into two types and analyzes the factors in conforming the sum by sitting "objective judgment theory".更多还原