学校体育的生存教育的理论与实践研究

【作者】 项英；

【导师】 梁晓刚；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 生存问题是人的根本性问题，学校教育的发展，总是与人的生存环境的变迁和人的生存方式的转换密切相关，教育的基本方向应该是培养学生具有社会生存所必需的能力。生存教育已成为国际教育的一个重要趋势，受到各国的普遍关注。 健康是人类生存发展的基本要素。体育作为促进个人健康的手段和良好的休闲娱乐方式已经引起人们的注意。学校体育本应以“健康第一”作为指导思想，但长期以来受应试教育的制约，学生的健康问题并未处于一个特别突出和重要的位置。本文针对这个问题，采用文献资料、问卷调查、教学实验及数理统计等方法进行研究。结合世界教育发展的趋势，运用教育学、心理学、生理学的有关理论，客观分析我国学校体育在学校教育发展中的地位、作用和存在的问题。主要对学校体育生存教育的理论的确立依据、概念、基本原理、教学目标、教学内容及教学评价几个方面进行了探索。并通过实践的尝试，取得了一定的成果。 本研究的结论如下：学校体育生存教育侧重于发展与健康有关的体能，选择的内容都是具有较高健康价值和终身体育性质的运动项目，有利于提高学生内在积极性，形成良好的生活方式，有效促进学生的身体健康；注重意志品质的培养，有利于培养学生具有吃苦耐劳、勇于克服困难与顽强拼搏的意志品质；着重自我学习能力和自信心的培养，有利于培养学生自我认识、自我评价、自我发展的能力。为学生的生存与发展打下了身心的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 To be living is human being’s basic problem. The development of school education is always closely related to the changing of living environment and way and the basic objective of education is to enable students to have the essential ability of living. Being an important trend in the international education, existing education has attracted world-wide attention.As health being an essential element of human being’s existing and development, physical education has been widely concerned as a proper means of health improvement and entertainment. Therefore, great importance should have been attached to the guide "health the first". However, the problem of students’ health has not been outstandingly noted as a result of examination-oriented education. As to this problem, by means of the document-based approach, investigation approach, teaching experiment approach and data approach, this article analyses the position, function and problem of school physical education in China with relevant theories of education, psychology and physiology and emphasizes on the research of the establishment, concept, evaluation and accomplishment of existing education theory.The conclusions of this research are as follows:With the emphasis on the development of physical competence relevant to health and the sports items of high value on health and life-long kind as contents, existing education may contribute to the improvement of students’ inside positive, proper life style and health; with the emphasis on the education of willpower existing education will be of great benefit to students，enabling them to have the willpower of diligence, bravery and persistence; laying emphasis on the ability of self-education and confidence, it will benefit students with the ability of self-cognition, self-education and self-development so as to lay the foundation of students’ existing and development.更多还原