高产奶牛饲粮添加不同水平脂肪效果的研究

【作者】 陈红；

【导师】 周贵；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以羊草和青贮玉米为粗料，对高产奶牛饲粮添加不同水平脂肪的效果进行研究。试验采用二因子四水平设计，选择年龄、胎次、泌乳阶段、产奶量和体重相近的健康荷斯坦奶牛21头，随机分成7组，每组3头。试验日粮是在基础日粮（A组）中分别添加了占日粮干物质的1％（B组）、2.5％（C组）、4％（D组）的玉米粗油和1％（B₁组）、2.5％（C₁组）、4％（D₁组）的大豆磷脂。试验共分为三部分，第一部分是饲养试验，记录各组奶牛的体重、发情时间、耗料量、产奶量和乳脂率，并对奶牛进行体况评分；第二部分是消化试验，测定日粮和粪中各养分含量，计算各养分消化率；第三部分进行血液的采集和制备，测定血清总脂和胆固醇的含量。本试验采用SPSS统计软件进行数理统计分析。 结果： 在奶牛的生产性能方面，C组、B₁组和C₁组奶牛的日平均产奶量显著高于A组、D组和D₁组，差异极显著（P＜0.01），C₁组奶牛的产奶量高于B组，差异显著（P＜0.05）；C₁组和D₁组的日平均乳脂率显著高于D组（P＜0.05）。 在干物质日采食量、平均日增重和发情时间方面，D₁组干物质日平均采食量显著低于B组（P＜0.05）；平均日增重各处理差异不显著（P＞0.05）；玉米粗油组和大豆磷脂组奶牛产后出现第一次发情的时间显著少于对照组（P＜0.01）。 奶牛对日粮养分的消化率方面，B组和B₁组干物质消化率显著高于A组、D组和D₁组（P＜0.05）；不同处理粗蛋白的消化率差异不显著（P＞0.05）；A组、B₁组、C₁组NDF的消化率显著高于D组（P＜0.05）；A组ADF的消化率显著高于D组（P＜0.05）；B组、B₁组和C₁组半纤维素的消化率显著高于D组和D₁组（P＜0.05）；A组钙的消化率显著高于D组和D₁组（P＜0.05）；不同处理磷的消化率差异不显吉林农业大学硕士学位论文高产奶年饲粮添加不同水平脂肪效果的研究著（P>0 .05）。 在血清生化指标方面，A组血清总脂的含量显著低于c组、D组和Dl组（P<o .01），D，组显著高于B，组、B组和A组（P<0 .01）;A组和B组血清胆固醇的含量显著低于D组和D1组（P<0 .01），D，组血清胆固醇的含量显著高于其它各处理（P<0 .01）。结论: 以羊草和青贮玉米为粗料，日粮中添加2 .5%的大豆磷脂，可显著地提高奶牛的产奶量，改善奶牛的健康状况和繁殖性能，乳脂率没有降低，也不影响奶牛正常的生理代谢，应用后经济效益显著，有推广应用的价值和前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment was conducted to study the effects of different levels of additive fat in early lactation and cows were fed northeast hay and corn silage as roughage. Two factors and four levels were used in experimental design, 21 cows were chosen according to ages , parity Jactation period ,milk production and BW. They were random divided into 7 groups of 3. Group A was basic . Group B: the corn oil was added at 1 % of DM of diet. Group C: the corn oil was added at 2.5% of DM of diet. Group D: the corn oil was added at 4% of DM of diet. Group BI : the soy phosphatide was added at 1% of DM of diet. Group C1: the soy phosphatide was added at 2.5% of DM of diet. Group D1: the soy phosphatide was added at 4% of DM of diet .There were three parts in this experiment .The first was feeding experiment, recording weight ,estrus time after DMI ,milk yield and milk fat percentage .The second was digestive trail, measuring all kinds of nutrients in the diets and faeces and working out respective digestibility .The third was colleted the blood sample and and was measured the EE and cholesterol in the blood. The SPSS statistical analysis software was used in the experiment-Results:The milk yield of groups C, B1 and C1 were higher than those of groups A , D and D1 (P<0.01).Group d was more significant than group B (P<0.05).At the same time ,groupsC1 and D1 were more significant than group D in milk fat percentage .About the DIM ,ADG and diestrus ,group B was more significant thanD1 group(P<0.05).But other groups were more early than control group from calfing to estrus. (P<0.05).In the digestibility of diet nutrition ,groups B1 and B were more significant than groups A ,D1 and D . (P<0.05).Digestibility of CP was similar . (P>0.05).In the digestibility of NDF, groups A ,B1 and d were significant than group D. At thesame time ,in the digestibility of ADF ,group A was more significant than group D (P<0.05).But in the digestibility of CF ,B ,B1 and C1 groups were more significant than groups D and D1 .According to digestibility of Ca, group A was more significant than groups D and D1 (P<0.05),but in the digestibility of P ,every group was similar (P>0.05).Group A was more significant than groups C, D1 and D in EE of blood (P<0,01).At the same time group D1 was more significant than groups B1 ,B and A . (P<0,01).In the cholesterol, groups A and B were more significant than groups D and D1 groups (P<0.01),while group D1 was more significant than other groups . Conclusion:Trial diet added at 2.5% of DM in the form of soy phosphatide , using northeast hay and corn silage as roughage. It was more important to raise milk yield and improve health condition and fertility . But milk fat percentage was not reduced. The experiment found a new feed additives for dairy cattle and got more economical benefit with lower production cost.更多还原