【作者】 何峰；

【导师】 吴伟； 单雪松；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对吉林农大白鹅三个新品系中的肉用品系特性进行了深入研究，并利用5对微卫星DNA(SSR)引物，对吉林农大白鹅所属的肉用品系、绒用品系、蛋用品系三个新品系共有60个体的纯度进行检测，计算了遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、奈氏遗传距离和奈氏标准遗传距离；采用UPGMA和NJ方法，分析品系内和品系间的遗传距离。结果如下： 1、吉林农大白鹅肉用品系，采用小群闭锁、同胞测定、指数选择等方法，历经5个世代的精心选育，体形外貌、体重体尺主要性能指标已达到品系原设计标准。标准差逐渐减小，品系的平均近交系数为14.49％，品系纯度已达理论标准(近交系数12％)。 2、肉用、绒用、蛋用三个品系的群体平均杂合度(H)，分别为0.34949、0.34436、0.30590，平均纯合度为0.67(用杂合度来计算)，说明经过5个世代的精心选育，三个品系的基因已经达到一定纯合。 3、品系内的个体间遗传距离介于0.0521-0.5891，品系间遗传距离介于1.3496-2.0016，并按UPGMA和NJ两种聚类分析进行聚类。肉用品系与绒用品系先聚在一起，然后与蛋用品系聚在一起。更多还原

【Abstract】 The object of the research was the three new lines of nuclear group of JiLin Agricultural White Goose(meat line, feather line and egg line). The new line of meat production was studied to improve meat production through five generations by means of family selection. And the purity of these three new lines ( sixty populations) was detected using five microsatellite DNA primers recommended by Canada schooler. The genetic heterozygosity ("H"), polymorphism information contention ("PIC"), numbers of effective alleles ("Ne"), genetic distance among geese breeds were computed and dendrogram were constructed to evaluate the genetic variability within breeds and genetic relationships among breeds. The results were as follows: .The meat line was selected for increasing meat production through five generations by method of such as small occlusion breed, compatriot measurement, indice selection and amily selection. A meat production line was successfully bred with identical figure and appearance, stable productive and genetic performance. Purity of every line gene allel has reached to some extend highly level when standard error decreased step by step for developing selection slowly from the fourth generation to the fifth generation. Average inbreeding coefficient of the meat line was up to 14.49%, which was identical with theoretic criterion (12%).All of five microsatellite primers adopted can be amplified effectively and produce polymorphic bands. DNA fingerprinting maps of JiLin Agricultural University White Goose were drawn. The genetic variability of the three new lines was low obviously. Genetic heterozygosity ("H") of the lines was 0.34949, 0.34436, 0.30590 respectively. Average purity of the three lines was 0.67(based on "H"). The results indicated that purity of these genes of the lines was high through fivegenerations.The genetic distance (D) was calculated based on it by using Phylogenetic Computer Tools soft among three populations and sixty individuals.The genetic distances were between 1.3496 and 2.0016 in three lines and between 0.0521 and 0.5891 in sixty individuals. The genetic distance between meat line and feather line was nearest,meat line and next to egg line.Compared to traditional quantity genetic measurement to acquiring line purity, microsatellite technique had the same results. But it had some advantages over traditional method. Its character was no wasting time, high efficiency and good accurateness. So a lot of money and labors could be saved. This is originality of the thesis.更多还原