【作者】 李晓花；

【导师】 刘洪章；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 果树学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文运用现代仪器分析手段和化学方法对同一生境下的三种沙棘栽培品种—俄罗斯沙棘、蒙古沙棘和中国沙棘叶片和果实中有效成分的动态变化进行了分析，对品种之间、叶片和果实之间有效成分含量进行了比较研究，提出了可能产生动态变化的原因，并总结了沙棘有效成分利用的最适宜采收期和最适宜部位，结果如下： 1 沙棘有效成分除叶片中齐墩果酸只出现一个含量高峰外，含量动态变化主要呈现双峰曲线，即出现两个含量高峰期。不同有效成分在不同部位含量高峰出现时期不同。沙棘叶片中黄酮类成分含量高峰期出现在果实停止生长时期和过熟期，香豆素含量高峰期出现在座果期和果实成熟期，多糖在展叶期和果实成熟期出现含量高峰，齐墩果酸在果实成熟期出现含量高峰；果实中黄酮含量高峰期出现在幼果期和果实成熟期、香豆素和多糖含量高峰期出现在座果期和果实成熟期，齐墩果酸含量高峰期出现在幼果期和果实过熟期。 2 三种沙棘品种之间有效成分含量的对比表明，总黄酮含量中国沙棘＞俄罗斯沙棘＞蒙古沙棘；三种黄酮苷元类成分异鼠李素含量俄罗斯沙棘＞蒙古沙棘＞中国沙棘，槲皮素含量中国沙棘＞蒙古沙棘＞俄罗斯沙棘，山奈酚含量中国沙棘＞蒙古沙棘＞俄罗斯沙棘；香豆素含量中国沙棘＞俄罗斯沙棘＞蒙古沙棘；多糖含量中国沙棘＞俄罗斯沙棘＞蒙古沙棘；齐墩果酸在俄罗斯沙棘中的含量＞蒙古沙棘＞中国沙棘。 3 果实和叶片之间有效成分含量的对比结果显示，黄酮类成分和香豆素在叶片中的含量高于果实中含量；多糖和齐墩果酸在果实中含量高于叶片。各种有效成分最高含量的对比顺序为：总黄酮含量俄罗斯沙棘叶片＞中国沙棘叶片＞蒙古沙棘叶片＞中国沙棘果实＞蒙古沙棘果实＞俄罗斯沙棘果实；异鼠李素含量俄罗斯沙棘叶片＞蒙古沙棘叶片＞中国沙棘叶片＞俄罗斯沙棘果实＞蒙古沙棘果实＞中国沙棘果实；槲皮素含量中国沙棘叶片＞俄罗斯沙棘叶片＞蒙古吉林农业大学硕士学位论文沙棘有效成分动态变化研究沙棘叶片>蒙古沙棘果实>中国沙棘果实>俄罗斯沙棘果实;山奈酚含量中国沙棘叶片>蒙古沙棘叶片>俄罗斯沙棘叶片>中国沙棘果实>蒙古沙棘果实>俄罗斯沙棘果实;香豆素含量俄罗斯沙棘叶片>中国沙棘叶片>蒙古沙棘叶片>中国沙棘果实>蒙古沙棘果实>俄罗斯沙棘果实;多糖含量中国沙棘果实>蒙古沙棘果实>俄罗斯沙棘果实>俄罗斯沙棘叶片>蒙古沙棘叶片>中国沙棘叶片;齐墩果酸含量俄罗斯沙棘果实>蒙古沙棘果实>中国沙棘果实>俄罗斯沙棘叶片>蒙古沙棘叶片>中国沙棘叶片。 4实验测定的结果表明，如果以黄酮类和香豆素类为主要提取成分应选择果实完全成熟以后的俄罗斯沙棘叶片;多糖的提取应选择成熟时期的中国沙棘果实;齐墩果酸的提取应选择完全成熟的俄罗斯沙棘果实原料。 5实验认为果实的生长和营养成分的积累影响各个时期各种有效成分含量的变化是各种有效成分产生不同动态变化的原因，。 6对不同沙棘品种总有效成分含量做了对比，结果为俄罗斯沙棘>中国沙棘>蒙古沙棘.因此俄罗斯沙棘品质最好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Variation of effective components contents in leaves and fruits of three seabuckthorn cultivars, which collected at the same place, were studied and analyzed by applying instrumental means and chemical method, content of effective components in three sea buckthorn cultivars and in leaves and fruits were compared, reasons of causing variation were concluded, the most appropriate collecting period and part were summarized, following the results that:Variations of effective components showed double peaks curves except variation of oleanolic acid content in leaves having only one. Effective components in different parts arrived their highest content at different time. In leaves, flavonoids showed higher ammount in fruits premature time and fruit overripen period, coumarins in fruit development stage and ripening stage, polyshaccharides in leaf development time and fruit mature period, oleanolic acid in fruit mature period; In fuits, flavonoides showed higher content in young fruits stage and fruit mature period, coumarins and polyshaccharides in fruit developmemt time and mature period, oleanolic acid in young fruit stage and fruit overripen stage.The contrast results of effective components in three sea buckthorn cultivars showed that, Flavonoides content sequence from high to low is Chinese sea buckthorn-, Russian sea buckthorn and Mongolia sea buckthorn; Isorhamnetin is Russian sea buckthorn, Mongolia sea buckthorn and Chinese sea buckthorn; Quercetin is Chinese sea buckthorn , Mongolia sea buckthorn and Russian sea buckthorn; Kaempferol is Chinese sea buckthorn, Mongolia sea buckthorn and Russian sea buckthorn; Coumarins is Chinese sea buckthorn, Russian sea buckthornand Mongolia sea buckthorn; Polyshaccharides is Chinese sea buckthorn, Russian sea buckthorn arid Mongolia sea buckthorn;Oleanolic acid is Russian sea buckthorn, Mongolia sea buckthorn and Chinese sea buckthorn.Comparison results of effective components highest content in leaves and fruits showed that, Content of flavonoids and coumarins content in leaves is higher than in fuits, and polyshaccharides and oleanolic acid content in leaves is lower than in fruits. Total flavonoids content sequence from high to low is leaves of Russian sea buckthorn, of Chinese sea buckthorn, of Mongolia sea buckthorn, fruits of Chinese sea buckthorn , of Mongolia sea buckthorn and of Russian sea buckthorn; Isorhamnetin is leaves of Russian sea buckthorn, of Mongolia sea buckthorn, of Chinese sea buckthorn, fruits of Russian sea buckthorn, of Mongolia sea buckthorn and of Chinese sea buckthorn; Quercetin is leaves of Chinese sea buckthorn, of Russian sea buckthorn> of Mongolia sea buckthorn, fruits of Mongolia sea buckthorn-, of Chinese sea buckthorn and of Russian sea buckthorn; Kaempferol is leaves of Chinese sea buckthorn, of Mongolia sea buckthorn, of Russian sea buckthorn, fruits of Chinese sea buckthorn, of Mongolia sea buckthorn and of Russian sea buckthorn; Coumarins is leaves of Russian sea buckthorn,of Chinese sea buckthorn, of Mongolia sea buckthorn, fruits of Chinese sea buckthorn, of Mongolia sea buckthorn and of Russian sea buckthorn; Polyshaccharides is fruits of Chinese sea buckthorn, of Mongolia sea buckthorn, of Russian sea buckthorn, leaves of Russian sea buckthorn, of Mongolia sea buckthorn and of Chinese sea buckthorn;Oleanolic acid is Fruits of Russian sea buckthorn, of Mongolia sea buckthorn, of Chinese sea buckthorn, leaves of Russian sea buckthorn, of Mongolia sea buckthorn and of Chinese sea buckthorn.Results of experiment showed that leaves of Russian sea buckthorn should be collected in fruit overripen stage if flavonoids and coumarins were considered major effective components,extraction of polyshaccharides should select fruits of Chinesesea buckthorn in mature period, and extaction of oleanolic acid should select fruits of Russian sea buckthorn in fruits overripen stage as experiment materials.Fruits growth and nutrition accumulation were considered the major reasons which causing different tendency of effectiv更多还原