有机肥对番茄产量、品质及土壤培肥效果的影响研究

【作者】 惠云芝；

【导师】 张晓明；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文主要针对有机肥的作用特点和人们对蔬菜品质安全性要求日益提高的实际情况，通过采用三因子二次通用旋转组合设计，以鸡粪、猪粪、鹿粪为变量因素，进行有机肥对温室番茄产量影响的研究，得到最佳的产量的生产模型。并分析了有机肥对盆栽番茄生长、品质、土壤养分及土壤微生物的影响。旨在为生产安全优质的绿色食品蔬菜提供理论和现实依据。 对生产函数模型进行最优化分析得出：在本试验条件下，番茄的最高产量可达12，372kg/1000m~2；达到最高产量时的施肥方案为：鸡粪2218.28kg/1000m~2，猪粪5959.54 kg/1000m~2，鹿粪1910.08 kg/1000m~2。在实行单项施肥措施时，鸡粪、猪粪和鹿粪的单独增产幅度为：鸡粪＞鹿粪＞猪粪。鸡粪的施肥量为3063.54kg/1000m~2(其它两种有机肥为“0”水平施用量)，猪粪的施肥量为6235.77kg/1000m~2(其它两种有机肥为“0”水平施用量)，鹿粪的施肥量为2880.91kg/1000m~2(其它两种有机肥为“0”水平施用量)。鸡粪和鹿粪过量对产量会产生抑制作用。猪粪未出现明显过量抑制作用。 在盆栽试验中，鸡粪、猪粪和鹿粪都是以1.2％的施用量长势较好，秸秆是以0.8％的施用量长势较好。 对糖含量的影响，以秸秆0.8％施用量的糖含量为同种有机肥最高的，而鸡粪、猪粪和鹿粪以1.2％的施用量为同种有机肥料糖含量最高，它们分别为3.27％，3.13％，3.05％和2.92％。其对糖含量的影响顺序为：秸秆＞鸡粪＞猪粪＞鹿粪。可见，施入适量的有机肥料能显著促进番茄果实内糖含量的积累。 对Vc含量的影响，也是以秸秆0.8％施用量的Vc含量为同种有机肥最高的，而鸡粪、猪粪和鹿粪以1.2％的施用量为同种有机肥料Vc含量最高，它们分别为11.83mg/100g，11.52mg/100g，11.42mg/100g和10.71mg/100g。其影响顺序为：秸秆＞鸡粪＞猪粪＞鹿粪。 对硝酸盐含量的影响，在同种有机肥都是以1.2％施用量的番茄硝酸盐含量为最低，1.2％秸秆、鸡粪、猪粪和鹿粪的硝酸盐含量分别为80.22mg/kg，89.16mg/kg，100.81mg/kg和75.19mg/kg。其幅度降低的顺序为：鹿粪＞秸秆＞鸡粪＞猪粪。施用有机肥能降低蔬菜中硝酸盐含量。 对糖酸比来说，同种有机肥都是以1.2％施用量的番茄糖酸比最高。 土壤中施入有机肥可以增加土壤中速效氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质的含量，而且在0～3％施用量间，随着施用量的增加而增加，增强土壤肥力。吉林农业大学硕士学位论文有机肥对番茄产量、品质及土壤培肥效果的影响研究 土壤施入有机肥后，还可以提高土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌和氛化细菌的数量。有机肥对土壤真菌影响的顺序为1.2%鸡粪>l .2%猪粪=l .2%桔秆>l .2%鹿粪。对土壤细菌影响的顺序为1.2%桔秆>l .2%鸡粪>l .2%猪粪>l .2%鹿粪。对土壤放线菌的影响顺序为1.2%桔秆>l .2%鸡粪>l .2%猪粪>l .2%鹿粪。对土壤的氨化细菌影响顺序为0.8%桔秆>0.8%猪粪>l .2%鸡粪>l .2%鹿粪。更多还原

【Abstract】 Organic manure is effective, people ask for high-quality and safe vegetable at present. On this situation, this dissertation has a research about the effect of organic manure on tomato output in a greenhouse through quadratic rotational combination design. There are three factors, such as chicken manure, pig manure and deer manure. At last, The best product model of yield tomato using organic manure is found. This dissertation also analyses the influence of organic manure for growth and quality of tomato, soil nutrient and microbe in potted plant experiment, in order to provide theoretical and realistic basis for producing safe and high-quality vegetables.Analyzing the optimized model, I draw on a conclusion in the condition of the experiment. The result shows that the highest output of tomato is 12372kg/1000m2. In this level, the scheme of using manure is that chicken manure is 2218.28 kg/1000m2,pig manure is 5959.54 kg/1000m2, deer manure is 1910.08 kg/1000m2. Adopting single manure, their output has obvious difference. Their output from high to low is: chicken manure >deer manure >pig manure. The proper quantity of chicken manure is 3063.54 kg/1000m2. That of deer manure is 2880.91 kg/1000m2. And thatof pig manure is 6235.77 kg/1000m2 . If the chicken manure and deer manure were superfluous, the output would be restrained. But as for pig manure, the output couldn’t be restrained though it is superfluous.It is also found that applying organic manure in the soil can promote the growth of tomato in potted plant. The growth is preferable when the percent of chicken manure is 1.2%, pig manure is 1.2%, deer manure is 1.2% and corn stalk is 0.8%.Organic manure can promote soluble sugar content of tomato. The soluble sugar content of tomato is preferable when the percent of chicken feces is 1.2%, pig manure is 1.2%, deer manure is 1.2% and corn stalk is 0.8%. Their soluble sugar content is respective 3.27%, 3.13%, 3.05% and 2.92%,, Soluble sugar content from high to low is: corn stalk>chicken manure >pig manure >deer manure.Organic manure can promote tomato vitamin c content. The vitamin c content is preferable when the percent of chicken manure is 1.2%; pig manure is 1.2%, deer manure is 1.2% and corn stalk is 0.8%. Their vitamin c content is respective11.83mg/100g, 11.52mg/100g, 11.42 mg/100g and 10.71 mg/100g. Vitamin c content is: corn stalk> chicken manure > pig manure > deer manure.Organic manure can reduce nitrate content of tomato. Nitrate content of the treatment that the percent of manure is 1.2% is lower in the same organic manure. Nitrate content of 1.2% corn stalk, chicken manure, pig manure and deer manure is respective 80.22mg/kg, 89.16mg/kg, 100.81mg/kg and 75.19mg/kg. Nitrate content from low to high is: deer manure <corn stalk< chicken manure < pig manure.T/S is preferable when the percent of manure is 1.2%.Organic manure can increase the content of available NPK and organic matter. Among the percent of organic manure from 0 to 3.0%, the content of available NPK and organic matter can be constantly increased while raising the level of fertilization. So organic manure can increase soil fertility.It is also found that applying organic manure in the soil can increase the amount of bacteria, fungi, actinemyces and ammonifying bacteria. The amount of fungi in the soil from high to low is: 1.2% chicken manure >1.2% pig manure=1.2% corn stalk>l .2% deer manure. The amount of bacteria in the soil from high to low is: 1.2% corn stall>1.2% chicken manure >1.2% pig manure >1.2% deer manure. The amount of fungi in the soil from high to low is: 1.2% corn stalk>1.2% chicken manure >1.2% pig manure >1.2% deer manure. The amount of ammonifying bacteria in the soil from high to low is: 1.2% corn stall>1.2% chicken manure >1.2% pig manure >1.2% deer manure.Organic manure has an important role in the production of vegetables.更多还原