【作者】 王锋；

【导师】 李稳宏；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 化学工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 银杏加工过程中废弃的外种皮长期得不到合理利用，其中的有毒成分对种植和加工地域造成了环境污染，针对这一必须治理的严重社会现实，及时的研究出了一条以外种皮为原料提取活性成分的最佳工艺路线．本路线采用乙醇提取、乙醚萃取、5％碳酸钠及5％氢氧化钠酸碱反应、铅盐沉淀等工艺过程，得到了高纯度的氢化白果酸、白果酚、白果醇及银杏黄酮富积物；并对提取活性成分进行了生物测定。 实验中对超声波提取工艺进行了系统的研究，在单因素基础上通过正交实验得到了优化的工艺条件；同时还通过索氏提取法研究了银杏叶，外种皮，梗中活性成分的分布规律，并且对搅拌提取、超声波提取活性成分的动力学过程进行了一定的探讨，建立了同时适应于上述两种提取方法的动力学模型。 研究结果表明：(1)热回流法提取银杏外种皮活性成分的工艺路线，不仅适用于氢化白果酸、白果醇的标准品制备，同时还可用于工业化规模生产；(2)超声波法的提取效率优于传统的回流提取方式；(3)建立的动力学模型同时适应于搅拌提取和超声波提取两种工艺方法，该模型对提取工艺的工业化放大和操作提供了重要的设计依据和参考价值；(4)生物测定应用结果表明，以银杏外种皮为原料提取的初提物和纯化物对多种菌、虫有良好的活性，充分说明以外种皮为原料制备生物农药具有深入的开发价值。 实验中分别对分光光度法、HPLC、红外光谱以及TLC等方法用于产品的定性或定量测定进行了系统探索，结果表明最终所选用的方法合理、准确、简便、实用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ginkgo biloba is the most widely known of all the herbal supplements available today. This supplement is prescribed everyday to millions of people around the world. It is known for its benefits against deterioration of cognitive skills, Alzheimer’s disease, intermittent claudication, depression, impotence, vertigo, asthma, diabetes, and migraine headaches.Disposable testa of the ginkgo biloba, which is present ginkgolic acids which are believed to be very toxic, is harmful to living things, especially the living things around the planting and manufacturing base of ginkgo biloba extracts (GBE).A method of isolating GBE from the testa of the ginkgo biloba and purifying them detailed description of the paper: extracting by ethanol and aether, reacting with Na2COs and NaOH, depositing by Pb (Ac) 2- Pure hydroginkgoic acids, ginkgol, ginkgolic alcohol and ginkgetin were obtained by the method. Application trials, used to test their activities, show that extracts have good effects on several kinds of plant germina and several kinds of plant insects after application in plant germina and plant insects.An optimized process for GBE by ultrasonic wave was systemically studied through orthogonal experiments and single-factor experiments. The rule of content distribution on ginkgetin, hydroginkgoic acid in the leaves, the testa and the peduncle of Ginkgo biloba L were studied by Soxhlet’s apparatus. Based on medicinal herb extraction mechanism and diffusion principles, a kinetic model on isothermal herb extraction process was presented, which is especially suitable for use in the two extracting processes above.Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), ultraviolet spectrophotometer and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the qualitative and quantitativedetermination have been adopted to test the products. Infrared spectrometry (IR) wasused to analyze the structure of extracts.WANG Feng (Chemical Engineering) Directed by professor LI Wunhong更多还原