【作者】 肖顺；

【导师】 张绍升；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 植物病理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 调查表明福建省的食线虫菌物资源丰富，并极具生物多样性。从福州、厦门、泉州、诏安、古田、三明、建瓯、顺昌等十县(市)17种植物采集的根结线虫样本上共获得868个食线虫菌物的分离物，隶属于24个属，已鉴定17个种和3个变种。壳二孢属(Ascochyta)、拟鞘孢属(Chalaropsis)、帚梗柱孢属(Cylindrocladium)、丝葚霉属(Papulospora)、刚毛孢属(Pleiochaeta)、横隔霉属(Pleurophagmium)、帚霉属(Scopulariopsis)、色串孢属(Tolura)、异孢镰孢(Fusarium hetersporium)、半裸镰孢(F.semitectum)、绮丽小克银汉霉(Cunninghamella elegans)为首次报道在根结线虫上分离获得。尖镰孢(F.oxysporium)、茄病镰孢(F.solani)、淡紫拟青霉(Paecilomyces lilacinus)和厚孢轮枝孢(Verticillium chlamydosporium)为福建省根结线虫上的食线虫菌物的优势种群，在17种植物根结线虫标本中出现频率分别为64.7％、82.3％、52.9％和52.9％，分别占食线虫菌物分离物总数的9.78％、17.61％、19.45％和22.78％。根结线虫的食线虫菌物以卵囊寄生菌物为主，卵囊上菌物分离率为66.7％；雌虫上菌物分离率为24.3％。 根结线虫的食线虫菌物区系具有多样性，不同菌物区系其食线虫菌物种类、数量和优势种群与根结线虫寄主植物种以及根结线虫种关系密切。淡紫拟青霉和厚孢轮枝孢是重要的食线虫菌物，种群间(或不同分离物)存在较大的致病性分化现象。选用淡紫拟青霉和厚孢轮枝孢对南方根结线虫进行致病性测定结果：厚孢轮枝孢厚孢变种和串孢变种对线虫离体卵的寄生率分别为29.9％和24.7％，盆栽防治效果为25.9％和40.8％。淡紫拟青霉不同分离物对线虫离体卵的寄生率为11.7％～39.5％，盆栽防治效果为17.9％～77.8％。 室内初步测定了部分菌株的发酵粗提液的杀线虫活性，获得五株杀线虫活性较强的菌株。更多还原

【Abstract】 Investigation showed that the nematophagous fungi in Fujian province were very rich in resource and abundant in biodiversity. In this study, 868 isolates of nematophagous fungi were obtained from samples of the root-knot nematode collected from 17 plants. 17 species and 3 varieties of 24 genera were identified among the isolates. Ascochyta sp., Chalaropsis sp., Cylindrocladium sp., Papulospora sp., Pleiochueta sp., Pleurophagmmm sp., Tolura sp.. Scopulariopsis sp., Fusarium helersporium, Fusarium semitectum, Cunninghamella elegans were first time reported for the root-knot namatode. And F. oxysporium, F. solani, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Verlicillium chlamydosporium were the dominant populations in the nematophagous fungi on root-knot nematode in Fujian. The frequency of their appearance was 64.7%, 82.3%, 52.9% and 52.9% respectively on the 17 plants, taking up 22.78%, 17.61%, 19.45% and 9.78% of all the isolates in this study. The fungi mainly parasitized eggs of root-knot nematode. They could be found both on eggs (66.7%) and female nematodes (24.3%).In Fujian. the flora of nematophagous fungi on root-knot nematode was diverse. The relationship between species, quantity, dominant population of nematophagous fungi and root-knot nematodes, their host plants was close.P. lilacinus and V. chlamydosporium were important nematophagous fungi. But their pathogenicity to root-knot nematode varied from one population to another. In this pathogenicity analysis, result showed that the parasitic ratios of the fungi (V. chlamydosporium var. chlamydosporium and V. chlamydosporium var. catenulalum) on eggs were 29.9% and 24.7% in the petri-dish test. Their control effect on root-knot nematode disease reached 25.9% and 40.8% when tested in pot experiment. For P. lilacinus, parasitic ratio was 11.7%~39.5%, control effect reached 17.9%-77.8%.Five strains with strong nematicidal activity were obtained in the analysis with the fermentation liquid extract of some isolates.更多还原