【作者】 李娟；

【导师】 熊德忠；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 土壤学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究采用土壤培育、盆栽试验和大田试验相结合的方法，研究了土壤交换性钾、钙、镁含量的变化特点；钾、钙、镁肥配施对烤烟生长、生理生化过程和品质的影响以及在我省气候和土壤条件下烟株体内适宜的钾、钙、镁比例。 土壤培育试验结果表明，不同配比的钾、钙、镁肥加入土壤后，土壤交换性钾、钙、镁的含量明显提高，并随培育时间的延长，土壤交换性钾、镁的含量表现出先上升后下降的规律，土壤交换性钙含量则表现为先下降而后又有所上升的规律。增加钾肥用量，土壤交换性钾含量明显增加，交换性镁含量下降，这说明土壤中钾的含量越高则对土壤镁活性的抑制作用越明显；同时，土壤交换性钙的含量随钾肥用量的增加而下降。增加钙肥用量，土壤交换性钙含量明显提高；土壤交换性钾含量在培育初期高于对照处理的，但在培育至第90天则低于对照处理的，土壤交换性镁的含量比对照处理的低。增施镁肥，土壤交换性镁的含量明显高于对照处理的，交换性钾的含量高于对照处理的，交换性钙的含量有所下降，但不显著。 通过研究钾、钙、镁肥配施对烤烟生理代谢的影响的结果表明，在烤烟进入现蕾期后，K₂Ca₁Mg（f）处理的chla／chlb比值较高，NR活性最高，MDA含量较低，SOD、POD、CAT活性低，说明适宜的钾、钙、镁肥配比使叶片的活性氧代谢处于一种平衡状态，脂膜受到伤害比较小，有助于延缓叶片的衰老。而K₃Ca₂Mg（j）处理的叶绿素和类胡萝卜都较低，MDA含量最高，SOD、POD活性较高，而CAT活性较低，导致SOD活性与CAT活性之间的不平衡。 钾、钙、镁是烤烟生长发育必不可少的营养元素，它们中任何一种营养元素的缺乏都会导致烤烟产量和品质的下降。盆栽试验结果表明，钾、钙、镁元素之间存在明显的交互作用，它们之中任何一种元素的增加都会抑制烟株对其它两种元素的吸收。钾、钙、镁肥不同配施对烟株养分含量和吸收量均有明显的影响。土壤中施福建农林大学硕士论文20（）3·5入钾肥、钙肥或镁肥，均显著提高烟叶的钾、钙、镁含量。在本试验的土壤条件下，当K十:ca2+:M才+施用比例比值为l:1 .05:0.16时，获得较高的生物量，与对照相比，增产19.17%。大田试验结果表明，当烤烟叶片的钾、钙、镁含量的比例为1:0.54:0.07时，获得较高的产量和上等烟比例，分别达到为197.2Kg/亩和57.97%.但从钾、钙、镁含量的测定结果来看，钾含量和钙含量比较正常，而镁含量则偏低，因此有增加镁肥用量的必要性。而过高的钾肥用量（K3水平）并没有显著提高烟叶的产量和质量。在我省土壤和气候条件下，建议K‘、CaZ‘、M广的施用比例在1.0:1.0².0:0.1⁰.15之间时比较适宜。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil culture, pot experiment and field experiment were conducted to study the characteristics of soil exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium content, the effect of combined application of potassium, calcium and magnesium fertilizer on growth, physiological process and quality of flue-cured tobacco, and suitable ratio of potassium, calcium and magnesium in flue-cured tobacco plant on the condition of the climate and soil in fujian.Soil culture results showed soil exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium content had increased significantly after different combined applications of potassium, calcium and magnesium fertilizer were applied. Soil exchangeable potassium and magnesium content raised at first, and it got down following time gone, as well as exchangeable calcium content was adverse to exchangeable potassium and magnesium contents. After potassium fertilizer was applied, soil exchangeable potassium increased obviously, as well as soil exchangeable magnesium decreased, which showed magnesium activities got lowlier if the concentrations of potassium in soil were added, soil exchangeable calcium also decreased with raising potassium fertilizer. After calcium fertilizer was applied, soil exchangeable calcium increased significantly whereas soil exchangeable magnesium decreased. Soil exchangeable potassium was higher than that of CK treatment at first, which was lower than that of CK treatment after 90 days yet in soil culture. It was found that soil exchangeable magnesium was higher apparently than that of CK treatment, and soil exchangeable potassium was higher than that of CK treatment too, whereas soil exchangeable calcium decreased a litter after magnesium fertilizer wasapplied.Pot experiment was carried out to study the effect of combined application fertilizer of potassium, calcium and magnesium on physiological metabolism. The results showed K2Ca1Mg (f) treatment ratio of chla/chlb was high, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superroxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) was still low during first bloom, which indicated that suitable combined application fertilizer of potassium, calcium and magnesium kept the balance of active oxygen metabolism in flue-cured tobacco leaves, and reduced the lipid peroxide and prolonged the aging of leaves. Chlorophyll and carotene of the K3Ca2Mg (j) treatment were low, and the content of MDA increased, SOD and POD activities increased too, as long as the activity of CAT reduced, which broke the balance of active oxygen metabolism in flue-cured tobacco leaves.Potassium, calcium and magnesium are important nutrients for flue-cured tobacco .The deficiency of them will cause yield and quality to decease. Pot experiment results showed significant interaction among potassium, calcium and magnesium. The leaves uptake of others was contained with the addition of anyone of three nutrients. Different combined application fertilizer of potassium, calcium and magnesium had significant effect on the nutrients content and total uptake of nutrients. Soil exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium content increased greatly after potassium, calcium or magnesium fertilizer was applied .The research indicated it was gained high biomass on the condition that application ratio of potassium, calcium and magnesium was 1 : 1.05: 0.16, and the yield was 19.17 percent higher than CK treatment. Field experiment result showed yield and the ratio of high quality tobacco was increased remarkably on the condition that the ratio of potassium, calcium and magnesium in plant was 1:0.54:0.07, which werel97.2kg.acre-1 and 57.97 percent. The results of potassium, calcium and magnesium content analysedshowed the contents of potassium and calcium were normal; magnesium content was lower to normal level, which suggested it be needed to increase magnesium fertilizer. The yield and quality were not increased significantly if the addition of potassium fertilizer was beyond plant need. It was suggusted that a optimum application更多还原