【作者】 战琨友；

【导师】 林占熺； 谢宝贵；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 目的：对菌草栽培香菇的配方进行筛选优化、比较菌草栽培的香菇和木屑栽培的香菇的产量和品质，以对菌草栽培的香菇进行科学地评价，为菌草香菇的生产发展提供科学依据。 方法：运用三级系统筛选法对菌草培养基进行筛选优化；用常压加热干燥法、灼烧法、微量凯氏定氮法、酸性洗涤剂法、氨基酸自动分析仪、原子荧光光谱和原子吸收光谱、乙酰丙酮法和热水提取多糖法分别对菌草香菇和木屑香菇的水分、灰分、蛋白质、纤维素、氨基酸、重金属、甲醛、香菇水溶性多糖等的含量进行比较研究。 结果：木屑组的单筒香菇产量比菌草组的高10.77％，但生物转化率比用菌草组的低12.08％。菌草组的污染率高于木屑组。菌草组菌丝的生长速度比木屑组的快，出菇较早且集中，但菌草组的菌筒在长完第一潮菇后其失水量比木屑组的多。 菌草香菇的粗蛋白含量是木屑香菇的1.98倍，菌草香菇总氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸含量都比木屑香菇中的略高一些，但菌草香菇中未检测到脯氨酸的存在。 菌草香菇中粗纤维素的含量比木屑香菇中的低，菌草香菇鲜菇的含水量稍高于木屑香菇。因而菌草香菇的更加鲜嫩，如果采收过迟菌草香菇烘干后其边缘易碎。 菌草香菇部分重金属的含量和甲醛的含量比木屑香菇的高，但其含量均在我国和国际有关规定的标准范围之内，对人体无有害影响。 香菇水溶性多糖的最佳提取工艺为：将香菇进行粉碎(过50目筛)，之后分三次，共加入25倍的水(V／W)，每次在100℃下煮沸1.5小时，进行过滤、离心后，加入3倍体积的95％的乙醇析出多糖。Saveg法去蛋白，流水透析48小时，减压浓缩，醇析，40℃真空干燥。 酶和Sevag相结合去蛋白比单用Sevag去蛋白效果更佳。胃蛋白酶去蛋白的最佳条件为：加酶量为多糖量的1.5％，pH约为2.0，在37℃下保温3小时;胰蛋白酶去蛋白的最佳条件:加酶量为也为多糖量眺左右，pH为8.5左右，在37OC下保温3小时。 菌草香菇中有效多糖含量是木屑香菇的3.25倍，菌草香菇多糖和木屑香菇多糖均具有明显的抗肿瘤的效果，抑瘤率分别为44.9:残、43.95%。 因而，香菇可以全部用菌草作为培养料，用菌草栽培香菇的产量、质量均不亚于木屑栽培的香菇。在目前，木材紧缺的情况下，完全可以用菌草代替木屑、棉籽壳等栽培香菇。更多还原

【Abstract】 Purpose: JUNCAO substrate was screened and optimized, and a comparative studies on yield and quality of JL’NCAO shii-take and sawdust shii-take, so as to scientifically appraise to shii-take cultivated with JUNCAO and offer scientific basis for production and development of JUNCAO shii-take.Method: Use tertiary system method to screen and optimize JLNCAO substrate, and use heat and dry under atmospheric pressure method, ignition residue method, The Casparian law of trace nitrogen, acid detergent law, automatic analysis instrument of amino acid, the fluorescence spectrum of atom and atom absorb the spectrum, acetyl acetone method and hot water extraction polysaccharide method to measure the content of the moisture, ash content protein, cellulose, amino acid, heavy metal, formaldehyde, water soluble polysaccharide of JUNCAO shii-take and sawdust shii-take was comparatively studied separately.Result: The yield of one bag cultivated with JUNCAO was lower 10.77% than that of cultivated with sawdust, but the bioconversion rate was higher 12.08%. The contamination rate of bags filled with JLNCAO was slightly higher than that filled with sawdust. The growth rate of mycelia cultivated with JUNCAO was faster than that cultivated with sawdust.The result of this experiment showed that the content of protein of the JUNCAO shii-take is 1. 98 times than that of sawdust shii-take. The total amino acid content and essential amino acid content of the JUNCAO shii-take was higher than that of sawdust shii-take. But proline didn’ t measured in the JUNCAO shii-take.The content of crude cellulose of the JUNCAO shii-take was lowerthan that of the sawdust shii-take. The water content of the JLNCAO shii-take was higher than the sawdust shii-take slightly. Therefore the JLNCAO shii-take was tenderer, but marginal veil was more smashed after dried, if picked too late.The content of some heavy metal and formaldehyde of the JLNCAO shii-take was higher than that of the sawdust shii-take. But its content was under the standard range of the regulation in our country and world, and not been harmful to the human body.Enzymatic solve optimization terms showed that the removal of the proteins with enzyme and Sevag method was superior to with Sevag method independently. Pepsin and trypsin optimum condition were respectively Pepsin enzyme-added about 1.5% of polysaccharide quantity, pH about 2. 0, keep temperature three hours under 37℃ and trypsin enzyme-added about 1%, pH about 8. 5, keep temperature three hours under 37℃.The effective polysacchar ides content of the JL’NCAO shii-take was 3.25 times than that of the sawdust shii-take, they both have obvious antitumor effect. It was 44.93%, 43.95% respectively to restrain the tumor rate.Therefore the shii-take can entirely use JLNCAO as compost. The yield and quality of the shii-take cultivated with JLNCAO were not second to that of the shii-take mushroom cultivated with sawdust. L’nder the timber shortages conditions, the humankind can culture shii-take with JLNCAO instead of the sawdust and cottonseed shell.更多还原