【作者】 陈幼玉；

【导师】 祁建民；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 以福红2号（P₁）、福红991（P₂）、福红992（P₃）、福引1号（P₄）、非洲裂叶（P₅）、浙红3号（P₆）、耒阳红麻（P₇）7个红麻品种为材料，按（6×7）／2双列杂交设计配制包括亲本（P）和杂交组合（F₁）的一套遗传材料。应用加性-显性遗传模型和发育遗传模型及其相应的统计方法，分析了11个产量、品质性状的遗传效应以及不同发育时期株高、茎粗的发育遗传规律。 1．红麻产量、品质性状遗传方差分析表明，株高、鲜皮厚、纤维支数同时受到加性和显性效应的控制，既可以通过选择加以固定，也可以通过利用杂种优势挖掘这3个性状的潜力；茎粗、单株干皮重、单株干茎重、皮骨比、出麻率、单株纤维重、精洗率、纤维强力主要受显性效应控制，杂种优势利用有较大潜力。株高、鲜皮厚、纤维支数狭义遗传率达显著或极显著水平，其余性状狭义遗传率均未达显著水平。在红麻育种上，株高、鲜皮厚、纤维支数在早代选择可望获得较好的效果，其余8个性状宜在高世代进行选择。 2．红麻产量、品质性状遗传相关分析表明，株高和鲜皮厚均与单株干皮重、单株干茎重、单株纤维重3个性状存在明显的加性和显性相关，可以依据株高、鲜皮厚的表现在早代排除显性相关的影响后对这3个性状进行间接选择。茎粗与各性状之间不存在加性相关，而与株高、鲜皮厚、单株干皮重、单株干茎重、单株纤维重之间的显性相关明显，在杂种优势利用中，可以依据茎粗的表现预测单株干皮重、单株干茎重、单株纤维重的潜力。红麻产量与品质性状之间存在一定的负向关联性，而纤维强力、纤维支数与皮骨比之间表现明显的正向相关。通过皮骨比的测定，可以间接选择到优质的红麻品种。纤维强力与纤维支数之间存在明显的负向相关。 3．红麻产量、品质性状杂种优势分析表明，单株干茎重、单株干皮重、单株纤维重、纤维强力4个性状具有较强的F₁群体平均优势和群体超亲优势。单株干茎重和单株干皮重F₂具有一定的正向群体超亲优势，单株纤维重、株高优势极微弱，其余性状均为负向超亲优势。11个性状杂种优势的预计世代数均达显著、极显著水平，其中单株干皮重、单株干茎重、单株纤维重3个性状可以利用F₂杂种优势，有的杂交组合杂种优势可延续至3-4代。 4．红麻亲本遗传效应预测表明，各亲本对不同性状的遗传效应不同。可根据各个亲本对每个性状的不同遗传效应加以选择利用。综合分析认为福红2号、福红992和非洲裂叶3个亲本具有提高株高、茎粗、鲜皮厚、单株干皮重、单株干茎重、出麻率、皮骨比、精洗率、单株纤维重的遗传效应；福红2号和福红992 2个亲本具有提高纤维强力与纤维支数的遗传效应，可在红麻遗传改良中加以利用。 5.红麻株高、茎粗不同发育时期遗传效应分析表明，株高在不同发育时期的非条件、条件遗传效应，均以显性效应为主，加性效应较弱。茎粗非条件、条件遗传效应表现一致，各个发育时期均未检测到加性效应，而各个时期的显性效应均达显著、极显著水平。在各个发育时期中，株高与茎粗均在7月28日至8月9日（旺长期）、9月2日至9月14日（纤维累积期）之间基因表达较活跃。株高与最终产量、品质性状之间的加性相关依发育时期不同、性状不同而有异，不同发育时期与各性状之间均存在显性相关。茎粗与最终产量、品质性状之间仅存在显性相关，而不存在加性相关。株高进入稳长期后，Fl杂种优势呈逐渐增强的趋势。茎粗在7月16日之后的各个发育时期F:非条件群体平均优势均达显著或极显著水平，条件群体平均优势在每一发育时期均达显著或极显著水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 An additive-dominance genetic model and corresponding statistical approaches were used to analyze 11 yield and quality traits of kenaf, and the developmental behavior of gene expression for plant height and stem diameter at different growing stages.The results of genetic analysis for yield and quality traits of kenaf showed as follows. (1)Plant height, fresh bark thickness, fibre fineness were controlled by additive gene action and dominant gene action. Stem diameter, dry bark wcigllt per plant, dry stem weight per plant, bark rate, rate of bark and jarkstraw, fibre weight per plant, retting rate, fibre strength were mainly controlled by dominant gene action. Narrow heritabilities of plant height, fresh bark thickness, fibre fineness were significant, while the other traits were not. Broad heritabilities of all traits were significant. So, the better selecting effects for plant height, fresh bark thickness, fibre fineness could be expected in early generations; the selection of other traits must be conducted in high generations to avoid the interference of dominant gene action.(2) Correlation analysis showed that the dominance correlations between plant height and dry bark weight per plant, dry stem weight per plant, and fibre weight per plant were significant at 0.01 level, their additive correlations were significant at 0.1 level. Plant height might be simultaneously selected with dry bark weight per plant, dry stem weight per plant, and fibre weight per plant in hybrid combination. Fresh bark thickness had the same correlations as plant height. No additive correlation was found between stem diameter and the other traits. The dominance correlations between stem diameter and plant height, fresh bark thickness, dry bark weight per plant, dry stem weight per plant, and fibre weight per plant were significant. Yield traits had negative correlation with quality traits. But fibre fineness and fibre strength all had significant positive correlations with rate of bark and jarkstraw. Indirect selection was expected for fibre fineness and fibre strength through rate of bark and jarkstraw. Fibre fineness existed nagetive correlation with fibre strength.(3) Among all traits dry bark weight per plant, dry stem weight per plant, fibre weight per plant and fibre strength had mainly F1 heterosis over mid-parent and FI heterosis over better parent. F2 heterosis over mid-parent was similar to F1. But most traits had negative p2 heterosis over better parent, except for dry bark weight per plant, dry stem weight per plant, fibre weight per plant and plant height.(4)Each parent had different genetic effect. Predicted genetic effects of yield traits showed that Fuhong 2, Fuhong 992 and Feizhong leiye were better than other parents, their genetic effects could improve the yield of kenaf. Some parents such as Fuhong 2, Fuhong 992 were better than others for improving the quality of kenaf.The results of genetic analysis for plant height and stem diameter at different stages showed as follows.(l)Dominance effect played more important role at different stages for plant height, while additive effect was weak. No additive effect was found for stem diameter, but dominance effect was significant at each stage. Plant height and stem diameter all had activegene expression from July 28 to August 9, September 2 to September 14.(2) Additive correlation between plant height and the other traits varied with traits and stages, but positive dominance correlation existed all the time. Positive dominance correlation was detected between stem diameter and the other traits, but no additive correlation existed.(3) After August 9, Ft unconditional heterosis of plant height was significant. After July 16, FI unconditional heterosis over mid-parent of stem diameter was significant; FI conditional heterosis over mid-parent was significant at all stages.The results of unconditional and conditional genetic effects of plant height and stem diameter were not completely the same. According to practice, conditional genetic analysi更多还原