【作者】 张晓燕；

【导师】 佘廉；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 高速公路，作为现代化的运输基础设施和重要的运输渠道，其运营效率对社会经济的发展速度起着重要保证作用，一旦高速公路偏离正常运营轨道，其危害后果将直接影响到社会经济稳定与人民生命安全。因此，确保高速公路正常运营，力求以最短的时间将高速公路突发事件的危害后果控制在最小范围内，是一项与社会可持续性发展息息相关的主题。 本论文以高速公路突发事件的救援组织为研究对象，借鉴了危机理论、灾害学、交通安全学与复杂科学的构建思路，在对高速公路救援当前现状进行调研后，试图建立起统一的应急救援组织管理模式，解决当前我国高速公路应急救援系统专业性差、组织条块分割、各自为政、多头投入和效益不高的问题。从宏观角度明确现场救援的权力所属与各部门之间的协调关系，使包括相关政府部门、经营者、交警、医疗、消防、环卫等机构在内的队伍行动一致，配合默契，使交通突发事件得到控制，将致灾损失降至最少。 论文共分为三个部分，分别为当前我国救援现状调研结果以及相关研究介绍；组建高速公路突发事件紧急救援体系的原则、基本方法、结构要素与决策框架；以及从实际运作角度阐述系统的工作方式，包括救援程序、信息及预案等保障、时间评价模型以及计算机辅助系统的构成等，力图运用层次分析法、决策树等数学方法进行决策行为的量化工作，从社会角度去分析救援系统的组成要素、运作规程以及资源配置效率问题。 文章主要有两个创新点： (一)将系统理论引入了救援的组织体系； (二)建立了普遍适用的层次化的救援组织模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one kind of modern transport infrastructure and important transportation channel, the operation efficiency of the superhighway plays a significant insurance role to the social and economic developing speed. Especially under the present circumstances that all trades and professions require possessing ’result’ and ’efficiency’ at the same time, as well as accident happens at superhighway, the disastrous result will influence the society, degree of personnel stability and economic benefit of superhighway in future directly. So it is a topic, which is closely linked with society sustainable development and superhighway operation, to guarantee the safety of superhighway and reduce hurt of the accidents to the least extent as soon as possible.This article, puts the focus on the organization coming to rescue in superhighway accidents, is formed on the basis of crisis theory, disaster science, transportation safety study and sophisticate science. After field survey to superhighway operation, questionnaire was used to investigate some supervisory departments including road maintenance crew. Based on the early-warning theory and some mathematics methods such as method of layer analysis and decision tree, etc., the present problems of superhighway rescue team in our country are attempted to be solved, which are poor system specialty, separate structure, excessive investment and low benefits. The problems of power attachment, collaboration in harmony and division of responsibility among all departments are defined on the policy height. The team, including related government departments, operators, traffic cops, doctors, firemen, workers and others, can act unanimously and corporate tacitly so that the strong degree and process of the accident are controlled and loss is minimized.This article is divided into three parts. Firstly, Survey results and relevant researches of present rescue in our country are introduced. Secondly, the rules, basic methods, structural elements and decision frame of the superhighway emergency rescue system are built. At last, the working way of the system, including rescue procedure, information insurance, time evaluation model andcomputer assisted system, is described at an actual operating angle. The components, operating rules and resource distribution efficiency problems of rescue system are analyzed from social aspects. The deficiency appeared at former researches is solved, which includes dispersing seriously, lack of contacts among the departments and faultiness of subsequent assessment. There are two innovations in this article:(1) Crisis theory are quoted while establish the system of the organization coming to rescue;(2) Model of stratified organization coming to rescue is found which is widely held true.更多还原