【作者】 王银珍；

【导师】 熊传溪；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 材料学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在查阅了大量国内外有关聚氯乙烯(PVC)改性的文献资料的基础上，提出了先对尼龙6(PA6)进行改性，降低PA6的熔点，再用低熔点PA6与PVC共混来提高PVC性能，实现PVC工程化的设想。 本文首先对PA6进行了挤出接枝改性，制备了挤出接枝改性的PA6(ePA6)，研究了PVC／ePA6共混工艺、共混物的结构与性能，研究结果显示：与纯PVC相比，PVC／ePA6共混试样的拉伸强度有所提高，但幅度不大，冲击强度大大下降，共混物呈断性脆裂。然后对PA6进行了溶液接枝改性，制备了溶液接枝改性的PA6(sPA6)，用sPA6与PVC共混制备了PVC／sPA6共混物，通过DSC、IR和万能力学实验机等研究了sPA6、PVC／sPA6共混物的结构与性能，结果表明：sPA6的熔点为187℃，PA6与SMA发生了接枝反应，PVC／sPA6共混试样的拉伸强度从纯PVC的40MPa提高到70MPa，冲击强度从纯PVC的45kJ／m~2提高到67.3kJ／m~2，表明溶液接枝改性PA6具有较好改性PVC性能的作用。 本文还用JKS超细粉碎机对结晶PA6进行粉碎，制备了超微细PA6粉(uPA6)，重点研究了在剪切作用下PA6的颗粒形态和微晶结构变化。通过SEM、XRD和DSC测试表明：超细粉碎制得的uPA6结构疏松；粉碎破坏了PA6的晶体结构，使uPA6的熔点从215℃下降到175℃。通过SEM、XRD、DSC和DMTA等近代测试技术重点研究了PVC／uPA6共混工艺、共混物的结构与性能。研究结果显示：PVC／uPA6共混试样的拉伸强度从纯PVC的40MPa提高到87.7Mpa以上，冲击强度从纯PVC的45kJ／m~2提高到95kJ／m~2，表明uPA6具有很好改性PVC性能作用。SEM照片显示SMA促进了uPA6在基体中的分散，XRD、DSC证明，PVC与PA6形成了共晶，DMTA显示SMA是PVC和PA6良好的增容剂。更多还原

【Abstract】 On the basis of surveying of the relative literature about the modification of PVC, this paper raised that PA6 was modified first in order to decrease the melting point of PA6, then blending the PA6 of low melting point and PVC to enhance the properties of PVC and making PVC become engineering materials.In this paper the PA6 of modification (ePA6) was prepared by melting extrusion graft method in two-screwed extruder, the blending process of PVC/ePA6, micromorphology and properties of blends were studied, experimental results indicated that tensile strength of PVC/ePA6 blends was improved slightly, but impact strength decreased drastically, blends showed brittle fracture. Then the PA6 of modification (sPA6) was prepared through solution graft, PVC/sPA6 blends was prepared with sPA6 and PVC, micromorphology and properties of sPA6, blends were studied with DSC, IR, etc, results indicated that the melting point of sPA6 was 187℃, graft reaction happened between PA6 and SMA, the mechanical properties of PVC/sPA6 blends were increased, tensile strength increased from 40 MPa to 70 MPa, as well as impact strength from 45 kJ/m2 to 67.3 kJ/m2, which showed sPA6 could improve the properties of PVC better.In this paper micro-power PA6(uPA6) was manufactured by JKS microsmasher, micromorphology of PA6 particle and microcrystalline structure changes were emphatically studied in shear force too. Results indicated crystal structure was damaged by milling, which induces the melting point of PA6 decreases from 215℃ to 175℃ through SEM, XRD and DSC. In this paper the blending process of PVC/uPA6, micromorphology and properties of blends were emphatically studied either through SEM, XRD, DSC and DMTA, experimental results indicated that the mechanical properties of PVC/uPA6 blends were increased, tensile strength increased from 40 MPa to 87.7 MPa, as well as impact strength from 45 kJ/m2 to 95kJ/m2, which showed uPA6 could improve the properties of PVC and enhance the mechanical properties. SEM photos indicated SMA induced uPA6 dispersion in PVC, XRD and DSC proved PVC and PA6 informed commoncrystal, DMTA indicated SMA was favorable compatibilization.更多还原