【作者】 李秉正；

【导师】 凌开成；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 化学工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 在现代工业冷却循环水处理中，通常采用传统的磷系水处理剂来控制系统的结垢和腐蚀问题。但随之而来的是使用磷系水处理剂后，系统容易产生二次水垢——磷酸钙垢，并且水垢在系统中分布不均匀；系统中存在的磷，为菌藻提供了营养源，导致滋生了大量的菌藻，产生了生物粘泥，需用杀生剂来杀菌灭藻。系统排污的冷却废水不仅污染了环境，而且容易使水体营养化，产生赤潮。因此，取代磷系配方水处理剂已成为当今冷却水处理的一项重要而紧迫的任务。 基于腐植酸本身具有吸附钙、镁离子、无毒、无害的特点和国内外对其的一些研究(腐钠具有阻垢和缓蚀作用)，研究腐植酸钠(以下简称腐钠)的阻垢和缓蚀性能及其机理，积极开发这种水处理剂具有十分重要的意义。 本课题在实验室范围内，应用静态阻垢实验法和旋转挂片缓蚀法研究腐钠及其复合物的阻垢、溶垢和缓蚀性能。首先通过模拟硬水(配水)，研究了腐钠及其复合物的阻垢(多种垢型)的性能及其影响因素；研究了腐钠对碳酸钙和硫酸钙的溶垢性能。其次，并将腐钠水处理剂与传统的磷系水处理剂(HEDP、PAA)作了对比实验，比较其实际的阻垢效果；太原理工大学硕士学位论文研究了pH值对阻垢性能的影响，研究了腐钠中的官能团种类对阻垢性能的影响;第三，借助扫描电子显微镜等现代分析手段，推测可能的阻垢和缓蚀机理。 实验表明，冷却水中时间、硬度、碱度、药剂浓度、温度和浓缩倍数等因素对阻垢性能有影响。实验得到，腐钠复合水处理剂的阻垢率几=83.6%，水处理剂的阻垢性能优于HEDP单剂、队A单剂和复剂HEDP+队A。PH值实验，确定了合理的工作条件，这有利于系统杀菌灭藻，减少生物粘垢。官能团实验中，发现梭基的阻垢性能优于酚轻基。可以预测，通过提高腐钠的梭基含量，可以提高腐钠的阻垢效果。借助于电子扫描显微镜的研究发现，在各种垢型的生长过程中，水垢的微晶吸附了腐钠，将腐钠吸附在晶体的点阵中，使原有的晶体的晶格排列无序，增加了晶体的内应力。在晶体的生长、长大过程中由于内应力增大的原因，生长的大晶体不断破裂，形成了易流动水渣，从而达到阻垢的目的。 腐钠在钢铁上形成一种黑色保护膜，这种膜隔离了钢铁与水垢晶体及冷却水的直接接触，从而阻止了金属的腐蚀和水垢晶体沉积在金属表面。 本实验不仅研究了腐钠水处理剂的配方，达到高阻垢、高缓蚀和杀菌灭藻的多重效果，具有很高的推广价值，而且探讨了其阻垢和缓蚀可能的机理，为进一步提高腐钠的阻垢率和缓蚀率，开发和合理利用腐植酸有着重要的指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Traditional phosphorous water-treatment agents are usually employed to control scale and corrosion in treating circular cooling water. Subsequently the second scale(Calcium phosphate)is easily brought and distributed asymmetrically. Furthermore, food(phosphorus)is also provided for bacteria and waterweeds in cooling water system ,and sticky scale is formed due to massive multiplied bacteria and waterweeds which have to be annihilated by creature-killed agents Waste cooling water is discharged and not only pollutesenvironment ,but will lead to red tide in water. Presently, the very important and urgent task in treating cooling water is to replace phosphorous water-treatment agents by secure and green and highly-performing ones.Based on study of its capacity of absorbing calcium and magnesium ion and its performance and apllication by researchers all over the world, that humic acid is non-toxic and able to inhibiting scale and corrosion when it is used in cooling water is concluded.So,that its capacity of scaleinhibition,corrosion inhibition and mechanism are studied and that humic acid will be actively tapped is very important.In our laboratory,the subject applies a method of static-state scale inhibition and a method of rotary hung chip to study capacity of scale inhibition ,scale diffluence,and corrosion inhibition of HA and its compositions.Above of all,the characteristics of scale inhibition (three types of scale)of HA and its composition and its impacting factors are studied by imitating factual water.The capacity of diffluence of calcium carbonate and calcium sulphate is studied. Secondly,the factual capacity of scale inhibition of HA-Na agent and phosphorous water-treatment agent(HEDP and PAA)is compared in constrastive test.Influence of pH and types of functional radical on scale inhibition is also studied. Finally,possible mechanism of scale inhibition and corrosion inhibition is discussed through infrared spectrum and scanning eletricial microscope(SEM) aplliance.That hardness,alkalenscence,concentration of agent,temperature,time, pH,and concentration multiple in cooling water is related with capacity of scale inhibition of HA-Na agent tightly is indicated in experiments.In constrative experiment,that HA-Na composition agent with its percentage of scale inhibition 83.6% excels HEDP.PAA or HEDP and PAA compound respectively is concluded.In the experiment of studying pH effect,reasonable working conditions is found to kill bacteria and waterweeds and decrease sticky scale. In the test of functional radical,the conclusion that the capacity of scale inhibition of carboxyl outclass one of phenolic hydroxyl is arrived at.That content of carboxyl of HA-Na is increased to increase its capacity of scale inhibition is predicted.By using scanning electrical microscopeappliance .micro-crystals of all types of scale absorb HA-Na and place HA-Na in punctiform position ,which lets panes of original crystal arrayed disorderly and increases inner responding force and leads to continuous collapse of a big growing crystals in growing process of crystals and easily flowing ejecta is formed.A black membrane that is formed on surface of steel by HA-Na separates steel from crystal of scale and cooling water. Corrosion of steel and sediment of crystal of scale on surface of metal are prevented by the membrane.Component propotion of HA-Na water treatment agents is not only studied to attain high capacity of scale inhibition,corrosion inhibition and killing bacteria and waterweeds,and possible mechanism of scale inhibition and corrosion inhibition is also discussed in the experiments and tests. The study on subject is importantly introductory in increasing its capacity andtapping and applying HA reasonably in circular cooling water.更多还原