【作者】 张龙；

【导师】 李健强；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 植物病理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文借助农药活性测定、显微观察、高效液相色谱和生物化学技术，研究了拟银杏杀菌剂绿帝和银泰的生物活性、在小麦植株体内的药理学及对小麦纹枯病菌的抑制机制，得到了以下几方面的结果。 1、绿帝和银泰对真菌4个亚门（半知菌亚门、担子菌亚门、子囊菌亚门、鞭毛菌亚门）的8个属的8种真菌具有抑菌活性。EC₅₀在1μg／ml到60μg／ml之间，说明此两种药剂具有较广的杀菌谱。 2、使用500μg／ml杀菌剂绿帝原药处理小麦幼苗根部72h后，植株体内药剂吸收量达到389.67±9.5μg／g FW；不同浓度银泰药剂处理的样品中检测不到有效成分含量。与典型的内吸性药剂克百威和非内吸性药剂福美双对比试验分析，首次证实绿帝在小麦植株上具有内吸性。该杀菌剂从小麦幼苗根部向顶传导速度很快，在茎部（Y₁）和叶部（Y₂）的积累与给药处理时间（X）呈正相关，线性方程分别为Y₁=2.9586X+44.217（R²=0.8486）、Y₂=1.6281X-4.4412（R²=0.8591）。给药72h后药剂可内吸传导至叶部，根、茎、叶的吸收量分别为：99.70±10.58、243.86±19.87和137.37±12.44μg／gFW。CCCP、温度、蔗糖和不同酸碱性的氨基酸显著影响小麦幼苗对该杀菌剂的吸收，证实绿帝在小麦植株上的内吸传导为小麦主动吸收过程。 3、在pH6.0-10.0范围不同酸碱度介质条件下绿帝和银泰对小麦纹枯病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用无明显变化，EC₅₀分别为3.16-4.17μg／ml和4.47-5.66μg／ml。显微观察表明，绿帝或银泰药剂致使小麦纹枯病菌菌丝生长过程中分支间距显著缩短。两种供试药剂对小麦纹枯病菌菌体细胞膜通透性和细胞壁麦角甾醇含量没有影响。 4、绿帝、银泰药剂在浓度为10-100μg／ml范围内明显抑制果胶酶诱导培养基中病原菌分泌蛋白质的浓度。但药剂浓度与蛋白质浓度之间的线性关系不明显。两种药剂在10-100μg／ml浓度内对立枯丝核病菌的3种果胶酶合成均表现明显的抑制作用。绿帝和银泰药剂对病原菌细胞呼吸强度的抑制作用随药剂浓度的增加逐渐增大，10-100μg／ml浓度处理的抑制作用随药剂作用时间的延长变化不明显。两种药剂在1μg／ml浓度对呼吸强度的抑制作用较弱。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the means of microscopy, High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and biochemical techniques, this study evaluated the ftmgicidal activities of 2-allyl phenol (LvDi) and 4-butanoyI phenol (YinTai). Also investigated were pharmacology of the two fungicides in wheat and their mechanisms inhibiting Rhizoctonia cerealis in vitro.Studies on growth rate, spore-bourgeoing rate and turbidity disclosed that LvDi and YinTai inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia cerealis, Botrytis cinerea, Fulviafulva, Sporisoriian reiliana, Physalospora piricola, Valsa mali, Piricularia oryzae, and Pythium aphanidermatum. The In vitro median effective concentrations (EC50) ranged from 1.0/ml to 60.0g/ml. The results suggested that the two fungicides had broad fungicidal spectrum.HPLC was applied to investigate the intake and distributional mechanism of LvDi and YinTai in wheat seedling. With a treatment level of LvDi at 500 ug/ml, the intake reached 389.67g per gram of plant tissue in 72 h (standard deviation (SD=9.5). YinTai was not detected in the seedling treated with different levels of the fungicide. In comparison with carbofuran (a typical intake reagent) as well as thiram (a typical non-intake reagent), this was the first time that revealed LvDi could be intaken into wheat seedling. It was transported in a high speed from the root to the top of the seedling. The accumulation levels of LvDi in stem (Y1) and leaves (Y2) were positively correlated with treatment time (X) in linear relationships of Y1=2.9586X+44.217 and Y2=1.6281X-4.4412, respectively. The corresponding coefficients of determination were 0.8486 and 0.8591, respectively. LvDi was distributed in whole seedling at 72 h after the treatment. The accumulation levels at root, stem, and leaves were 99.70 (SD=10.58), 243.86 (SD=19.87), and 137.37 (SD=2.44) ug per gram of plant tissue, respectively. CCCP, temperature, and the properties of amino acid and sucrose significantly affected the intake of LvDi by wheat seedling. This indicated that wheat tend to intake and transport it actively.The inhibition mechanisms of LvDi and YinTai on the growth of Rhizoctonia cerealis were studied by means of microscopy, membrane permeability, HPLC, cell wall degradingenzyme, and respiration assays. There is no evident difference in the fungal toxicity of the two chemicals on the growth of the pathogen on PDA media of different pH. The space between hyphal branches of Rhizoctonia cerealis was significantly reduced when it was incubated and grown on the PDA media containing LvDi and YinTai. The two fungicides did not affect membrane permeability and the content of ergosterol in Rhizoctonia cerealis. They inhibited the activities of three pectinases (PQ PMG, PMTE) of Rhizoctonia cerealis. The inhibition of respiration increased with the concentration of the fungicides, but did not change notably with time in the treatment levels ranging from 10g/ml to 100g/ml. At 1g/ml, the two fungicides had no effect on respiration.更多还原