【作者】 赵志磊；

【导师】 李保国；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 森林培育， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 针对河北省中南部片麻岩山区的生态条件及富士苹果栽培水平，为揭示不同时期套袋对果实内、外品质形成及果实发育的影响规律，以便为生产优质高档、无公害红富士苹果制定合理栽培措施提供理论依据，于2001～2002年在内丘县侯家庄乡富岗山庄进行了长富2苹果套双层纸袋的不同时期套袋试验。研究表明： 1) 套袋时期对果实外在质量有显著影响。套袋越早果实叶绿素含量越低，果皮花青苷／(叶绿素+类胡萝卜素)越高，果皮色泽鲜艳；套袋越晚的果皮叶绿素、花青苷、类胡萝卜素的含量越高，花青苷／(叶绿素+类胡萝卜素)越低，果皮的色泽呈暗红色；套袋越早果实着色速度越快。 在果面方面，果点直径随套袋时期的推迟而增大；套袋时间越早，果面横裂纹密度越小，果面光洁；套袋时期对长富2苹果果点密度无显著影响。 在果个及果形方面，套袋越早，单果重和果实纵横径越小；套袋时期越迟果形指数越高。 2) 套袋时期对果实内在品质具有不同影响。果实的可溶性固形物、总糖、果糖、葡萄糖、抗坏血酸及可滴定酸含量随套袋时期的推迟有升高的趋势；果实糖酸比随套袋时期的推迟呈下降趋势；果实氨基酸含量随套袋时期的推迟逐渐下降。 不同处理间果实的可溶性果胶差异显著、原果胶含量差异不显著。但是随套袋时期的推迟可溶性果胶含量逐渐下降，原果胶含量逐渐上升。果实硬度随套袋时期的推迟有增大的趋势。 果实中Mg、Ca、P、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的含量都随套袋时间的推迟逐渐升高。K含量与其他元素相反，随套袋时期的推迟而逐渐降低。 在果实组织结构方面，套袋越早角质层厚度越小，果皮越薄；不同时期套袋果实细胞大小及细胞间隙大小的差异不显著；果肉细胞随套袋时期推迟而略有增大。 3) 套袋影响果实的生长发育。由于微域环境的改变，套袋后幼果生长速度减缓，套袋20～30d后幼果恢复正常生长。 不同时期套袋的果实去袋后5～10d均出现一个显著的果个迅速膨大期，去袋后5～10d果肉的生长素、赤霉素、玉米素含量也迅速升高，种子内的激素除生长素去袋5d后迅速升高外，赤霉素和玉米素的含量变化不大。 4）综合不同时期套袋对果实内、外品质及果实发育的影响，认为在河北省中南部片麻岩山区生产高档优质红富士苹果以盛花后20～40d套袋为好，该时期套袋的果实色泽鲜艳，果面光洁，口感好。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study was taken under the condition of gneiss mountain area in middle-south of Hebei province. In order to reveal(study) the rules(effects) of bagging time on formation of fruit external and internal quality and development of fruit,and provide theoretical basis for producing free-pollutant apple fruit with high quality, the bagging time experiment with double layer paper bag on Changfu2 apple was carried out from 2001-2002 in Fugangshanzhuang of Houjiazhuang country.Neiqiu county.The results were shown as follows.1 Bagging time had remarkable effect on the apple’s external quality.To bag early, the content of chlorophll in apple peel was lower, the ratio of anthocyanin to chlorophll + carotenoid was higher, the color of fruit skin was more bright, and fruit skin colored up quickly. To bag late, the contents of anthocyanin and carotenoid were higher.The fruit dots diameter was bigger with the bagging time deferred. The bagging time had no effect on the density of fruit dots.To bag early, the nicks on the peel were less, and the surface was smooth. The wight and size of fruit were decreased with the early bagging time. The fruit shap index was big with the bagging time deferred.2 Bagging time had remarkable effect on the apple’s internal quality.The contents of souble solids, total sugar, fructose, glucose and ascorbic acid were increased.the ratio of sugar-acid was declined, and the content of amino acid was declined with the bagging time deferred.Bagging time affected the content of soluble pectin significantly, but didn’t affect the protopectin content. The content of soluble pectin decreased gradually and the content of protopectin increased with the bagging time deferred. Fruit hardness increased with the bagging time deferred.Execept K.the contents of Mg, Ca, P, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn increased with the bagging time deferred.As far as fruit structure was concerned.The strucure of peel was affected by bagging time too.To bag early, both the thickness of cuticular and the carpodermis decreased. Bagging time didn’t affect the cell size and cell clearance, but the size of fruit cell became bigger with the bagging time deferred.3 Bagging affected the fruit development. After bagged ,the young fruit grew slowly because of the changed microenvironment. The development recovered normally after bagged 20-30 days later. The fruit size expanded quickly 5-10 days after removed the bag. The contents of IAA% GA,Z(zeatin) in pulp increased quickly after removed the bag 5 to 10 days later. The content of IAA in seeds increased quickly, but the contents of GA and Z(zeatin) in seeds changed slowly after removed the bag 5 days later.4 After studied the effects of bagging time on the external and internal quality and development of fruit, the author considered that the suitable bagging time was after 20 to 40 days of full-bloom stage in gneiss mountain area of middle-south of Hebei province, the fruits which were bagged during this period were more wonderful.the color was bright,the surface was smooth and the taste was well.更多还原