【作者】 张靖；

【导师】 孙维连； 孙耀杰；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 农业机械化， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 自动金相试样切割机是用于产品质量检验和材料科学研究的专用设备，步进电机是驱动往复运动机构的关键部件，它的运行状况很大程度上影响切割金相试样的质量。 课题是针对金相试样切割机所使用的步进电机存在的问题提出的。由于步进电机是通过皮带轮减速来驱动丝杠，进而带动砂轮片前进和后退，虽然减速能部分消除步进感和振动，但皮带传动会影响定位精度，定位精度对精密切割机十分关键的技术指标。采用步进电机直接驱动丝杠，未经细分驱动的步进电机在低速运行时，有明显的步进感、振动和噪声，从而对切割的性能、砂轮片的使用寿命、试样的组织结构产生较大的影响。另外，原有的驱动电路没有对切割速度量化显示，限制了切割过程人机对话。为解决以上不利因素，研究设计了一套步进电机细分驱动器来控制步进电机，用以改善步进电机运行性能和量化显示切割速度。 本文研究了一种实用的步进电机细分驱动系统，由数字控制模块、驱动模块和电源模块组成，系统以AT89C52单片机为核心，通过单片机的I／O口、定时器／计数器中断来实现外部事件监控以及控制信号的产生，系统将可编程逻辑器件(PLD)器件和在系统编程(ISP)新技术引入到细分驱动环行分配器的设计，通过ABEL_HDL语言编程实现硬件软化设计和逻辑重构，大大简化了电路，并提高了电路抗干扰能力。使系统实现参数存储，速度数字控制，数码显示，进退刀控制等功能。 首次采用单片机技术设计切割机运行控制系统，代替原有复杂的逻辑控制电路，简化了调试过程，并使量化显示切割速度。鉴于单片机系统易受驱动电路的电磁干扰，为了保证单片机系统可靠运行，技术关键是提高系统抗干扰能力。由于步进电机高速运行存在失步现象，采用变细分调速技术，使电机在低细分状态下能够平稳高速运行。 试验表明：整个系统具有较高的性能价格比，操作简单，性能可靠，具有较强的实用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Metallographic Sample Cutting Machine is mainly used to inspect the quality of production and research material science , the step motor , which status influences the quality of the Metallographic Sample , is the key component to make the moving mechanism run .This topic is advanced for the problem of the step motor of the Metallographic Sample Cutting Machine . the step motor take the grinding wheel forward or backward by the screw . Although reducer can avoid step sense and oscillation partly , the strap transmission will influence orientation precision (it is key norm to the small Metallographic Sample Cutting Machine), so plan to use step motor to drive the screw directly ,the step motor at low velocity , which is not drived by the subdividing drive system , will have obvious oscillation and noise that would influence the cutting function ,the usage life and sample structure . Otherwise , the old drive circuit does not quantify and display the cutting velocity, so the interface between person and machine was restricted during the cutting. To settle the above problems ,the research introduce a suite of subdividing driver to control step motor , the aim is to improve step motor running capability and quantify cutting velocity .This paper projects a utility subdividing drive system of step motor, which consists of digital control module, drive module and power module, it uses AT89C52 single chip processor as the core, it realizes the external event orgenerates control signal by I/O interface, timer and external interruption, the system introduce PLD device and ISP technology to the design of phase sequencer, it simplified circuit and improved the anti-disturbing capability by using ABEL-HDL language, this system can realizes data memory, velocity digital control and LED display, etc.This paper adopted firstly the single-chip technique to design control system , which replaced old complicated logic control circuit and simplified test process . In order to assuring the single-chip running unfailingly .improving the ability of the anti-interference technique is the key , because the single-chip system is liable to electromagnetism interference . This paper adopted technique of different subdividing timing to make step motor running steadily , because step motor lose step when it is running at high speed .Experiments indicated that it is convenient to operate and high in the ratio of performance to price, so it has highly utility.更多还原