【作者】 刘均玲；

【导师】 曹克强；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 植物病理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究选取了120种中草药及一些常见植物材料，用80％乙醇进行提取，得到提取物，首先在离体叶片上进行了初筛，然后在活体上测试了它们对番茄灰霉病的保护作用和治疗作用，选出5种植物提取物对番茄灰霉病具有较强的保护作用，3种提取物具有较强的治疗作用。它们100倍液的防效均与化学药剂乙霉威原药9.14 ppm倍液的防效在同一显著水平。综合各批试验结果、成本、创新性、工作量等多方面考虑，选取Ts-39提取物作为进一步研究的对象。 用生物测定法测得Ts-39提取物对番茄灰霉病的防效为50%时的浓度为1.23mg／mL。 对Ts-39提取物的酸碱稳定性、热稳定性进行了测试。测试结果表明：Ts-39提取物的酸碱稳定性、热稳定性均较强。Ts-39提取物经酸碱处理、不同温度处理后，其防效没有明显变化，均与未处理的Ts-39提取物防效处于同一显著水平，与化学药剂乙霉威的防效差异不显著。 对Ts-39提取物的持效期进行了测试。通过在按种前1d～7d天喷施Ts-39提取物测试其对番茄灰霉病保护作用的持效期，测试结果表明：Ts-39提取物的持效期至少为4d，防效均在80％以上。 利用生长速率法对Ts-39提取物的抑菌谱进行了室内测试。测试结果表明：Ts-39提取物对供试的11种病原菌中10种均有不同程度的抑制作用，对其中6种病原菌的抑制率达到了60％以上，对立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)的抑制作用最强，抑制率为82.21％。 通过设置不同的超声波提取时间，对Ts-39的提取效率进行了测试。测试结果表明：Ts-39超声波提取30min为最适提取时间，提取时间为10min、20min时，其防效明显较低；提取时间增加至40min、50min、60min时，防效没有明显增加，均与提取30 min时的防效在同一显著水平。 通过对Ts-39原材料用不同有机溶剂逐步提取和聚酰胺柱层析进行成分分 河北农业大学硕士学位（毕业）论文离，分离出黄芬新素、汉黄芍素、黄芍素、汉黄芍戌、黄芍贰等粗提品，并对这些分离成分进行了生物测定，与购买的黄岑成标准品的防效进行比较，通过HPLC分析，初步确定黄岑成为Ts－39提取物的活性成分之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 120 species of plant materials were extracted with 80% ethanol and the protective and curative effects of the rough extracts were measured against Botrytis cinerea on detached leaves and in vivo. Results indicated that 5 species of the extracts showed strong protective activity and 3 species showed strong curative effect. The efficacy had no significant difference compared to chemical fungicide (diethofencard). According to the higher efficacy and lower cost, Ts-39 extract was selected and used for the further studies.The fungitoxity of Ts-39 extract was measured, the Ec50 of Ts-39 extract to Botrytis cinerea was 1.23mg/mL.The stability of Ts-39 extract was measured after being treated at different pH values and temperatures. Results showed that the efficacy of Ts-39 extract was stable at different treatments of pH values and temperatures. The efficacy was at the same level as the untreated rough extract of Ts-39, which had no significant difference compared to chemical fungicide (diethofencard).The duration of the protective efficacy of Ts-39 extract were measured by spraying rough extract at a concentration of 1% from one to seven days ahead of inoculation. The protective duration of Ts-39 was up to 4 days at least with the efficacy over 80%.Inhibitory spectrum of Ts-39 extract was tested by means of mycelium growth inhibition method. Among 11 different kinds of fungi, the rough extract of Ts-39 wasinhibitive to 6 of them with inhibitive effect over 60%. Results showed that Ts-39 extract had high inhibitory effect to Rhizoctonia solcmi up to 82.21%.The extracting efficiency of Ts-39 extract was examined by different extracting time with ultrasonic. The results showed the best extracting time of Ts-39 was 30 min.Five different chemical components were isolated from the raw material of Ts-39 by polyamide chromatography. They were baicalin , wogonoside , baicalein , neobaicalein and wogonin. The standard samples of baicalin were used for comparison by means of bioassay and HPLC. Results showed that baicalin was one of the active ingredients of Ts-39 extract.更多还原