【作者】 张旭红；

【导师】 王殿武； 王幼珊；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 土壤学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验条件下，不同基质相对含水率处理、不同土壤综合肥力处理和不同基质pH处理对于4个AMF菌株的适应性都有很大的影响。 水分试验：采用沙培基质试验，以大豆(Glycine max(L.) Merr.)为宿主植物研究了4个AMF菌株(Glomus. versiforme 1、Glomus.mosseae 93、Glomus.diaphanum、和Glomus.versiforme2)在三个基质相对含水率处理(25％、50％、80％)下的适应性。结果表明：1)G.m菌株在所有水分处理中都保持较高的侵染率和菌丝量，而且初期侵染快，后期仍较稳定，菌丝量则后期较初期增高，2)G.d菌株在初期较高含水率下生长较好，而后期，在3个水分处理下，较高的根系侵染率并未获得较高的菌丝量；3)G.vl菌株在初期低含水率下较低的侵染率却获得了较高的菌丝量，后期的侵染率和菌丝量则仅次于G.m菌株；4)G.vl、G.v2、G.d菌株侵染率和菌丝量都是后期比初期增高；5)初期和后期接种4个菌株都能不同程度地提高大豆植株地上部吸磷量和水分利用效率，从而增加大豆的地上部干重；6)接种4个AMF菌株可以降低大豆植株的叶水势，降低自然饱和亏，提高叶片相对含水量，降低叶片脯氨酸含量从而减轻干旱胁迫程度，降低大豆植株的萎蔫系数，从而提高大豆植株的耐旱性；7)G.m菌株在初期和后期不同水分处理下对大豆植株所起的综合效果较其他3个菌株为好。 肥力试验：采用土培试验，以青椒(Capsicum annum.)为宿主植物研究了4个菌株在4个土壤综合肥力(T1、T2、T3，T4)下的适应性。结果表明：G.m菌株的侵染率随着肥力的增高而呈下降趋势，但下降趋势小，且在4个菌株中为高侵染水平；菌丝量在T2土壤速效磷含量为19.8mg／kg时达到最高。G.d菌株两次取样时，侵染率、菌丝量随着肥力的增高而下降，下降幅度大于G.m菌株，在T1土壤速效磷含量为4.73mg／kg时其侵染率和菌丝量为4个菌株中最高。G.v的两个菌株，侵染率、菌丝量都较低，G.v1菌株在T2出现侵染率、菌丝量的高峰；G.v2在T3出现侵染高峰，菌丝量则随着肥力的增高而下降。G.m、G.d菌株对肥力适应范围广，但只有G.m菌株提高青椒地上部干重、氮磷钾吸收量的效果最好。 pH试验:采用纯砂培基质试验，以玉米‘澡刁。”1夕为宿主植物研究了4株AM真菌(叹d、叹刃、叹从和叹沼)在三个基质pH(pH6.o、pH7.5、pHS.5)下的适应性。侵染率结果表明:G.m和G.d菌株两次取样中，在3个pH处理下，侵染率随着pH的升高而增加，且大于G.v的两个菌株;G.，1在两次取样中随pH的升高而下降;G.vZ则在初期随着pH的升高而升高，后期却与此相反:菌丝量结果表明:G.m菌株在2次取样中，菌丝量均大于其它3个菌株，且随着pH升高而增加;G.d菌株在初期取样中菌丝量受pH影响不大，后期则随着pH的升高而略有升高;G.，l菌株初期表现与G.d相似，后期则随pH升高而下降;G.vZ菌株两次取样中均是在pH7.5时最高，pH高或低都不利于菌丝的生长和发育。不同菌株在不同的pH下菌根效果不同:各pH处理接种4个菌株，能够提高玉米的地上部干重，降低地一F部干重，提高玉米地上部吸磷量，促进玉米地上部的生长发育。在这个过程中，G.，1菌株在pH6.0和pH7.5下在4个菌株处理中效果最佳，其地上部干重较对照分别增加了14.81%和24.25%，G.vZ菌株在pH6.0时效果最好，G、脚和Gd菌株则在pHS.5时效果显著，较对照处理地上部干重分别增加了18.99%和16.67%。 侵染率在一定程度上反映了根外菌丝的生长状况，但有时菌株侵染率高但根外菌丝量不一定大。可能由于根内外菌丝的生长受到不同外界环境条件的影响，而各个菌株在环境因子改变时的适应程度不同，造成根内外菌丝生长速度不一致，此外还与不同真菌的侵染特点等有关。 侵染率和菌丝量等真菌生长状况有时和菌根效果一致，有时并不一致，这不仅受到宿主，肥力条件、取样时期等各种环境因素的的影响，还可能与菌根活性、真菌根内外菌丝比例和根外菌丝在根际分布的影响有一定关系。 综合比较4个菌株对基质水分、肥力及pH的反应， G.m菌株的生态适应性幅度最大，接种后菌根效应也最好，是较理想的生产用菌株。更多还原

【Abstract】 The adaptability of four isolates of fungi to different pH, relative water contents of substrates, and different soil comprehensive fertility were studied.1.In the subsrtate humidity experiment, ,the host plant soybean(GJycine max (L. ) Merr.) inoculated with four AM fungi isolates (G.versiformel , G .versiforme2, G.mosseae, G.diaphanum) respectively was grown in sand at three relative water content (25% , 50% , 80%). The following results has been achieved: l)The root colonization and quantity of external hyphae that inoculated with isolate G.m in all three humidity treatments were higher than other isolates. Isolate G.m infacted root faster and was more stable in latter stage. The quantity of external hyphae was increased at latter stage 2) Isolate G.d grew better in the higher water content in former stage, while in latter stage,under three water treatments, the erexternal hyphae was not in high quantity although root colonization was high. 3) Isolates G.vl gained more external hyphae under lower water treatment in former stage with the lower root colonization, In latter stage, the root colonization and amount of external hyphae by Isolates G.vl were lower than that of G.m ; 4) Root colonization and quantity of external hyphae by G.vl, G.v2, G.d in latter stage were higher than in former stage. 5) In former and latter stages, all four isolates enhanced the phosphorus absorbtion, the water using efficient, and shoot weight of soybean. 6) Inoculating four AMF isolates could decrease soybean leaf water potential , leaf nature saturated wane, the proline contend wither coeffient,and enhance relative water content,and then alleviated the drought hardiness of soybean plant. 2. In the substrate fertility experiment, green pepper(Capsicum annum) inoculated with four AMF isolates (G.vl , G.v2, G.m , G.d) respectively was grown in soil with four comprehensive fertility treatments (Tl ., T2, T3, T4). The results are as follows:The root colonization by isolate G.m slightly decreased with the raising of fertility, but still was the highest among four isolates. The quantity of external hyphae was the highest under T2 treatment(soil available phosphorus 19.8mg/kg). Unlike isolate G.m, the root coloniztion andquantity of external hyphae of G.d decreased more with the raising of fertility. Under Tl treatment (soil available phosphorus 4.73mg/kg),the root coloniztion and quantity of external hyphae were the highest among four isolates. The root colonization and quantity of external hyphae of two isolates of G.v were lower than other two isolates. The peak of root coloniztion and quantity of external hyphae by G.vl were under T2 treatment; and the peak of root coloniztion by G.v2 was under T3 while the quantity of external hyphae decreased with the raising of fertility. Isolates.G.m and G.d had much wider fertility range ,but only G.m had best effection in enhancing top weitht,nitrogen, phosphorus , potassium(K) contents of sweet pepper.3. In the substrate pH experiment, maize(Zea mays 1) inoculated with four AM fungi isolates respectively was grown in pure sand of three pH treatment(pH6.0, pH7.5, pH 8.5). The results indicated: The root colonization by isolates G.m and G.d increased when substrate pH raised, and higher than other two isolates under three substrate pH treatment.The root colonization by isolates G.vl decreased when substrate pH raised, The root colonization by isolate G.v2 increased with the increasing of substrate pH in former stage, but are contrary in latter stage. The quantity of external hyphae of G.m was higher than other three isolates in two sampling stages, and was increased when substrate pH increased. The quantity of external hyphae of G.d was not greatly affected by variation of substrate pH in former stage, while increased with the increasing of substrate pH in latter stage. G.vl was resemble to G.d in former state,but is contrary in latter stage. The quantity of external hyphae of G.v2 was higher under substrate pH7.5. The mycorrhizal effects under different substrate pH by four A更多还原