高中物理学习策略研究

【作者】 袁顺东；

【导师】 李新乡； 胡象岭；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 学习是一个人终生都要面对的重要任务。这对于学校教育来说就需要达到教会学生学习的目标。但在当前的高中教学实践当中，相当一部分学生还不善于学习，解决这个问题的一个关键途径就是教给学生一些必要的学习策略。 学习策略是指在学习活动中，学习者为达到一定的学习目的所采用的有效学习的程序、规则、方法，技巧及相应的调控方式。目前已经有许多关于学习策略的理论和应用研究。学习策略的教学可以渗透到学科教学过程中进行。现有的中学物理学习策略的研究文献，对物理学习中的学习策略进行了初步探索，总结了一些比较适合物理学习的学习策略，并提出了一些学习和内化物理学习策略的教学对策。但总的来说，这些研究有的其实只是总结了一些方法层面上的学习策略，也有的太过抽象，不好具体把握，教师和学生使用起来有一定的难度。为了使高中物理学习策略的研究能深入进行下去，我们认为应该有一个对高中物理学习策略的总体把握。因此，本文对高中物理学习策略进行了较为系统、全面的研究，给广大高中物理教师提供一系列可供参考和借鉴的提高学生学习策略水平的具体操作方法。 论文共分为五个部分： 引言部分阐述了学生掌握一些学习策略的必要性，介绍了学习策略研究的主要情况，分析了高中物理学习策略的研究现状与存在的问题，阐明了本研究的目的和意义。 第二部分主要介绍了学习策略的理论，包括学习策略研究的缘起，学习策略的涵义，学习策略的形成过程，总结了已有研究对学习策略成分和层次的论述，阐明了学习策略与认知策略、元认知及学习方法的关系，然后简单说明了学习策略的特点，在他人研究的基础上总结了高中生学习策略发展的情况。 第三部分首先讨论了高中物理学习策略研究的内容以及研究的原则，认为：高中物理学习策略的研究应考虑到高中物理教材的知识内容，高中物理教学所要培养的能力以及高中物理教学的基础，由此确定了高中物理学习策略研究的主要内容为物理概念学习策略、物理规律学习策略、物理实验学习策略和物理问题解决学习策略几个部分。而本研究所遵循的原则是要适合教师的教学、适合学生的学习和体现学习策略的组成成分。 本文认为，要把学习策略渗透到教学过程当中，比较合适的做法就是将学习按进程分阶段，然后选取对各阶段学习较为有效的学习策略，结合着学习内容力。以讲解。所以，在第四部分中根据学习的进程将物理概念、规律、实验和问题解决划分阶段，以学习策略已有的理论为基础，研究了适合各阶段学习的策略。 （1）物理概念学习分成两个大的阶段：习得掌握阶段和记忆保持阶段。对物理概念的习得掌握又分解为三个小阶段：感知识别阶段、分析概括阶段和深化理解阶段，其中在感知识别阶段讨论了目标定向的策略、材料感知的策略和信息选择的策略，在分析概括阶段具体对分析加工的策略、抽象概括的策略进行了讨论，然后给出了深化理解阶段的具体策略。物理概念的记忆保持策略则论述了及时复习的策略、精细力。工策略和记巴的元认知策略。 （2）物理规律的学习策略是从习得的策略和巩固的策略两部分论述的。习得的策略具体说来有这样几种：规律学习前的准备，感知材料、选择信息，关注规律得出的推理过程，时刻保持积极的思维，重在对规律的理解。物理规律的巩固策略讨论了在学完后立即进行的巩固和学过一段时间后进行的巩固中不同的策略。 （3）物理实验的学习策略是从实验的准备、实验的进行和实验后的分析总结三个阶段展开论述的。在实验准备阶段中主要的策略有积极面对实验、全面了解实验和尝试设计实验。在实验进行阶段中主要有自我监督的策略、寻求合作的策略和补救的策略。实验后分析总结阶段的策略则主要是分析处理、检查评价。 （4）解决物理问题时使用到的学习策略首先是审题的策略，包括重复的策略、抓关键词句的策略和运用图解的策略。接下来是寻求思 且二 ＃路、解答问题的策略，包括自我鼓励的策略，知识准备的策略以及组织信息、选择方法解答的策略．最后是解题后的检验、总结、扩展策略． 论文的最后对今后高中物理学习策略的研究方向提出了一点个人的看法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Learning is an important task that one must face in his lifetime. So school-education need to reach the target of teaching students how to study. But quite a few students in senior high school aren’t good at learning in current practice of teaching. One of the pivotal ways to solve this problem is teaching students some necessary learning strategies.Learning strategies are some procedures, formulae, methods, skills and reciprocal regulate-control quomodoes for effectual learning for learner achieving definite purpose in learning activity. Now there are plenty of academic and applied researches of learning strategies. It can be infiltrated into subject teaching for the teaching of learning strategies on students. In the collectable literatures, people have researched physical learning strategies in high school and summarized some learning strategies adapted to physics learning. They have also put forward a few teaching proposals for students studying and mastering physical learning strategies. But, some of the researches summarized a few of learning methods only. And others are too abstract, so they aren’t mastered and exercised easily by students and teachers. In order that researches on physical learning strategies in senior high school can be in-depth, we should realize the physical learning strategies as a whole. So the article carried through more systemic research in order to supply a series of material operating processes for most of senior-high-school teachers improving the level of students’ physical learning strategies.The article consists of 5 parts:Part I is an introduction of the article. This part is to indicate the necessity of mastering some learning strategies for students, to introduce the primary circumstances, to analyze the research actuality and existent problems, to clarify the purpose and the significance of the research.Part II .This part is to introduce the theoretics of learning strategies,including the origin of the research, the meaning and the wrought process of learning strategies. This part is also to summarize the components and the levels about learning strategies, to clarify the relatives between learning strategies and cognitive strategies, learning strategies and metacognition, learning strategies and learning methods. Then the part is to explain the characteristics of learning strategies, to summarize the status of senior-high-school students in learning strategies based on the others’ researches.Part III.This part is to affirm the contents and the principles to the research of senior-high-school physical learning strategies. We think the research contents should be based on the knowledge of senior-high-school physical teaching material, the abilities which physics teaching cultivate and the foundation of physics teaching. So we make certain that the contents are the learning strategies for concepts, laws, experiments and problem-solves of physics. The principles to the research are to adapt the teaching of teachers and the learning of students and embody the components of learning strategies.In order to infiltrate the learning strategies into the course of teaching, one apt way is making the study into several stages in terms of processes. And then choose some effective learning strategies in every stage and instruct them combining with the study contents. So Part IV is to research the learning strategies adapted to every stage for concepts, laws, experiments and problem-solves of physics based on the theoretics of learning strategies.(1) One concept of physics can be divided into acquire-mastering stage and memorize-keeping stage. In acquire-mastering stage there are three sub-stages and they are apperceive-recognising stage, analyze-generalizing stage and deepen-comprehending stage. In apperceive-recognising stage we discussed the strategies of directing aim, apperceiving material and selecting information. Then we researched somelearning strategies in the concrete in analyze-generalizing stage and deepen-comprehending stage. The learning str更多还原