【作者】 蔡笃程；

【导师】 余雪标； 程立生；

【作者基本信息】 华南热带农业大学 ， 生态学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在进行为害海南豆类、瓜类、茄类和叶菜类蔬菜潜蝇与其寄生性天敌种类和寄生率调查的基础上，利用种间关联系数作为指标，分析美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae Blanchard与其寄生性天敌种群空间分布的种间关联程度；采用生态位的理论和方法，对寄生性天敌和美洲斑潜蝇在时间和空间维度上的生态位宽度和生态位重叠进行定量分析，评价寄生性天敌对美洲斑潜蝇的时间及空间跟随作用；并以组建作用因子组配的生命表为手段，研究寄生性天敌对美洲斑潜蝇自然种群的控制作用。 对为害海南豆类、瓜类、茄类和叶菜类蔬菜潜蝇种类的调查结果表明：在海南豆类、瓜类、茄类和叶菜类蔬菜上发生为害的潜蝇常见种类是美洲斑潜蝇L. sativae Blanchard、番茄斑潜蝇L. bryoniae(Kaltenbach)和豌豆彩潜蝇Chromatomyia horticola Goureau，美洲斑潜蝇是其中的优势种。美洲斑潜蝇主要为害豆类、茄类和瓜类蔬菜，番茄斑潜蝇主要为害瓜类和茄类蔬菜，而豌豆彩潜蝇则以为害叶菜类蔬菜为主；为害海南豆类和茄类蔬菜的潜蝇优势种是美洲斑潜蝇，为害海南为瓜类的潜蝇优势种是美洲斑潜蝇和番茄斑潜蝇，而为害海南叶菜类蔬菜的潜蝇优势种则是豌豆彩潜蝇。 对为害海南豆类、瓜类、茄类和叶菜类蔬菜潜蝇的寄生性天敌种类调查结果表明：海南潜蝇寄生性天敌常见种类主要有属茧蜂科Braconidae，姬小蜂科Eulophidae，缨小蜂科Mymaridae，缘腹细蜂科Scelionidae、跳小蜂科Encyritidae和扁股小蜂科Elasmidae等的共10种(类)。其中已鉴定的种类有：甘蓝斑潜蝇茧蜂Opius dimidiatus(Ashmead)(茧蜂科)和底比斯釉姬小蜂Chrysocharis pentheus(Walker)、黄潜蝇釉姬小蜂Chrysocharis oscinidis Ashmead、异角亨姬小蜂Hemiptarsenus varicornis(Girault)、点腹青背姬小蜂Chrysonotomyia punctiventris(Crawford)、美丽青背姬小 华南热带农业大学硕土学位论文蜂 ChryS。Otonyj。Fo。OS。仰CStWOOd）（姬小蜂科）。其中底比斯釉姬小蜂是海南常见潜蝇寄生性天敌的优势种，也是美洲斑潜蝇寄生性天敌的优势种。 海南潜蝇寄生蜂寄生情况调查结果表明：一般情况下，寄生性天敌对为害豆类、瓜类、茄类和叶菜类蔬菜的潜蝇的寄生率分别为27．9人25．1儿2上9％和21．5儿平均寄生率为2丘0人对为害豆类、瓜类和茄类蔬菜的美洲斑潜蝇的寄生率分别为29．l儿33．0％和18．0儿 平均寄生率为27．1儿 寄生蜂在海南潜蝇种群的自然控制中起着重要作用。 美洲斑潜蝇与其寄生蜂的种间关联分析表明：两者的种间关联系数为0．8658，美洲斑潜蝇与其寄生蜂种间存在极显著的正关联，寄生蜂对其寄主美洲斑潜蝇有极强的寄生物—一寄主间的的依赖关系。 美洲斑潜蝇与其寄生蜂的生态位研究结果表明：美洲斑潜蝇与其寄生蜂的时间生态位、空间生态位和时间一空间二维生态位宽度分别为0．8759 和0．8141、0．7805和 0．7527及 0．6836和 0．6128，寄生蜂在时问维度、空间维度和时间一空间二维发生的范围和均匀度比美洲斑潜蝇更为集中；美洲斑潜蝇和寄生蜂的时间生态位重叠、空间生态位重叠和时间一空问二维生态位重叠为1．1476、1．2273和 1．1875，两者的发生具有较强的时问同步性和空间同域性，即寄生蜂对美洲斑潜蝇有较强的时间和空间跟随作用。 应用生命表排除作用控制指数（EI PC）分析法研究寄生性天故对美洲斑潜蝇自然种群控制作用的结果表明：美洲斑潜蝇寄生性天敌的 EI PC值为 3．1817，寄生性天敌的作用是影响美洲斑潜蝇种群数量发展的重要因子，对美洲斑潜蝇的种群数量增长有明显的抑制作用，若无寄生性天敌的自然控制，美洲斑潜蝇种群数量将是原来的3．1817倍。更多还原

【Abstract】 Common species of leafminers (Agromyzidae) and their parasites on the vegetables of beans, gourds, solanceous fruits and greens in Hainan were investigated and the interspecific association between the vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and its parasites was analyzed by means of the coefficient of interspeicfic association. The tracking-down efficiency was evaluated with the measurements of the niche widths and niche overlaps for the vegetable leafminer and its parasites in terms of time and space dimension. The life table of natural population grouped with the death factors was also constructed to study the parasitoids on the control of the natural population of the vegetable leafminer.Three species of leafminer, L. sativae Blanchard, L. bryoniae (Kaltenbach) and Chromatomyia horticola Goureau were reared from the attacked leaves of the vegetables of beans, gourds, solanceous fruits and greens in Hainan. Among them, L. sativae Blanchard was found the dominant species on the vegetables of beans, gourds and solanceous fruits, and L. bryoniae (Kaltenbach) on gourds and solanceous fruits, Chromatomyia horticola Goureau on greens.Ten parasites which belong to the families of Braconidae, Eulophidae, Mymaridae, Scelionidae, Encyritidae and Elasmidae were reared from the larvaes and pupaes of leafminers on the attacked leaves of the vegetables of beans, gourds, solanceous fruits and greens in Hainan. Six species belonging to two families (Braconidae and Eulophidae) were identified: Opius dimidiatus (Ashmead) (Braconidae), and Chrysocharis pentheus (Walker), Chrysocharis oscinidis Ashmead, Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault), Chrysonotomyia punctiventris (Crawford) and Chrysonotomyia Formosa (Westwood) (Eulophidae). Among them, Chrysocharis pentheus (Walker) was the dominant species.The investigations showed that the respective parasitized percentages of the leafminers on the vegetables of beans, gourds, solanceous fruits and greens inHainan were 27.9%, 25.1%, 22.9% and 21.5%, and 26.0% on the average. The respective parasitized percentages of the vegetable leafminer on beans, gourds, solanceous fruits and greens were 29.1%, 33.0% and 18.0%, and 27.1% on the average. Parasitoids played an important role on the population control of the leafminers in Hainan.The coefficient of interspeicfic association between the vegetable leafminer and its parasites was 0.8658, indicating a significant positive interspeicfic association and a distinct dependent relationship between the parasites and their host.The respective niche widths for the vegetable leafminer and its parasites were 0.8759 and 0.8141 on time dimension, 0.7805 and 0.7527 on space dimension, and 0.6836 and 0.6128 on time-space dimension. The niche widths of the parasites were smaller than that of the vegetable leafminer. This suggested that the parasites were more concentrated than the vegetable leafminer in range and homogeneity on time, space and time-space dimension. The respective niche overlaps for the vegetable leafminer and its parasites on time, space, and time-space dimension were 1.1476, 1.2273 and 1.1875. The niche overlaps were obvious, suggesting that the occurrence of the vegetable leaafminer and their parasites was synchronized on time and similarly distributed on space.Analysis of the data from the natural population life table with the exclusion index of population control (EIPC) showed that the death of larvaes caused by parasitoids was the important factor which indicated effectiveness of control of the vegetable leafminer. The EIPC value of the parasitoids was 3.1817, suggesting the population of the next generation would increase by 3.1817 times if the parasitoids were excluded.更多还原