【作者】 姜雪婷；

【导师】 韩宏飞； 崔云霞；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 健美操教学模式是健美操理论和健美操教学实践之间的桥梁。没有这个桥梁，健美操教学理论不能在教学实践中得到有效的应用；没有这个桥梁，健美操教学经验也得不到有效的推广，更不能上升为理论来指导大面积的教学实践。 纵观我国当代的教学模式，还有一些需要研究和解决的问题。如：1．在教学中过分强调技能技术教学，教学组织形式呆板，信息交流单一，忽视了学生学习兴趣的培养，忽视了学生自学能力以及创新能力的培养；限制了学生主动性、积极性的发挥。 2．教学评价方式单一，学生学业成绩以某一阶段学习结束的终结性考试为唯一衡量手段，忽视了学生学习过程中的形成性评价。因此，某些教学模式已经不能适应时代的发展，迫切需要改革。只有进行改革，才能真正确立学生的主体地位，有效激发学生学习的积极性；形成多种评价方式，才能真正全面对学生进行正确的评定；才能真正培养学生的自学能力、创新能力，培养他们的终身体育意识及体育能力。 本文通过文献研究，问卷调查，专家访谈等研究方式，针对学生认知发展的特点，从管理学中引进了阶段性自我指导学习模式(SSDL模式)，并经过教学实验检验，证明此模式的教学理论是先进的，教学效果是显著的。具体来说，主要表现在以下几点： (一)模式的理论具有先进性 从社会学角度看，现代教育是传递和保存社会文化的重要手段，健美操教学，其原始目的便是保存、传递健美操的知识技术及能力；现代教育对社会文化有创造、更新功能。社会要想进步，必须不断创新，作为社会文化的健美操教学，也必须培养学生的创新精神，这样，这种活动才能永保活力；健美操教学不仅要影响到人的生理层面，还要影响到人的心理属性，促进身心健全发展。 教育作为一种实践，是哲学理论的重要来源之一。哲学对教育实践有预见作用、选择和规范功能。马克思主义创始人把教育看作是人类自身再生产的活动或形式，这就要求作为教育手段之一的教学，必须培养学生的自学能力、自我教育能力以及创新能力，培养学生成为全面发展的人。 SSDL模式吸取了人本主义心理学基本理论，以学生为中心，重视对教学过程中师生关系的研究；吸取了认知心理学理论，强调在发现中学习，学生中心主义思想；吸取了行为主义心理学的最近发展区理论，博众家心理学之长，构成了模式的理论基础。 阶段件自我指导学习模式（SSDL模人）介IOJ校女了他文化教学中）中用的M六 根据当代教育学原理，我国健美操教学目标就是全面提高学生素质，培养学生的 创新精神和实践能力；贯彻“以为人本，学会学习”的思想；完成教学的基本任务： 激发学生求知欲，使学生掌握基本知识技能，培养创新能力、自学能力以及自我发展 能力。 （二）模式在教学实践中的作用 SSDL模式有助于学生掌握运动技能。在用阶段的掌握学习模式，本着“人人都 能学习”的信念，以“基本能力和能力倾向各有差异的学生组成的学习集体为前提”， 以“传统的集体教学方式为核心”，通过有效的个别化教学活动，使绝大部分学生掌握 运动技能的速度和质量大幅度提高。 SZ阶段的自学辅导教学模式是在学生掌握了一定的基本知识技能后实施的。此阶 段教师重视非智力因素对学生学习的促进作用，为学生提供丰富生动的学习材料，使 学生的自学能力大大提高。 SSDL模式能培养学生的合作精神和创新能力。学生在S3阶段，按照合作学习模 式的基本分组要求进行分组，课上进行全班交流。小团体之内合作，团体之间竞争， 这样就培养了他们合作竟争意识。在自学基础上的编操训练迫使学生集思广义，扩大 知识面，从而一定程度上培养了学生的创新能力。 S4阶段是学生教学能力的养成阶段，也是我们培养师范类学生的最高目标。在前 三个阶段基础上，在学生具备了一定的健美操知识技能后，在学生的合作意识及协调 能力有了一定的进步后，我们通过这个阶段的训练，就进一步培养了学生的厂头表达 能力，组织调动能力等一系列教学能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Aerobic’s teaching model is a bridge of Aerobic teaching theory and Aerobic teaching practice. If there not be the bridge, the Aerobic teaching theory can’t be well used in the teaching practice, either the Aerobic teaching experience can be effectively extended and become theory to guide large area teaching practice.Look far and wide of our modern teaching model, there are still a lot of malpractice. For example: 1. Excessively emphasize the teaching of technology and skill; The form of teaching organization be very inflexible; Information interflow be very single and ignore to form the students’ interest in study, ignore to develop the students’ ability of studying on their own. And all these confine the elaboration of the students’ initiative and enthusiasm. 2. The way of teaching evaluation is unitary, and the only judge means of how well the students learn is the final examination achievement of one stage and ignore the judge among the course of the students learn.From the up, we can see that the old teaching model can no more suit the development of modern society and must be reformed urgently. Only if we reform the old teaching model, we can really establish the students main body status and effectively arouse the students’ initiative of study; Only when we reform the old teaching model, can we form several ways of assessment and evaluate them properly and comprehensively; Only when reform the old teaching model, can we develop the students’ ability of learning on themselves, the ability of bringing forth new ideas, and form their life long P.E consciousness and P.E ability.By documentary study, questionnaire survey, expert interview and so on, this article direct the recognize development characteristic of the students and introduce the SSDL model from the management science. And by teaching experiment test, we proved that this model’s theory was advance, and the teaching result was notable. Particularly, there be: (-)The model’s theory is advanced.(1). From the angle of the sociology, modem education is an important way to transfer and keep social literature. The original purpose of Aerobic teaching is to transfer and keep Aerobic’s knowledge and ability. Modern education can create and renew social literature. The society want to go forth, it must renew itself continually . And as a part of social culture, the Aerobic want to vividly forever, the create spirit of the student must be trained. Aerobic teaching can not only affect the students’ physical level, butalso can it stimulate their mentality, so can improve their body-condition.(2). Philosophy foundation Education is an important source of philosophy and philosophy have foresee function, selection and standard effect in education. Marxism founder looks education as an activity or form of man oneself produce, and this require teaching梐s one way of education, must foster the students’ learn-by-themselves ability, create ability and turn students into a person that of full-scale development.(3). The psychology base SSDL model absorbed human-centered thinking psychology, students’ center and attach importance to the study of teacher-student variable; cognitive psychology: emphasize learning among discover and make students the center; behaviorism psychology: the nearest develop region. And all these primes, form the theory’s base of the model.(4). The educational theory Our aim of teaching in new period is to enhance the students’ quality overall ; to form the students’ spirit of create; to arouse the studentsVwill of study; to make the students grasp the Aerobic basic knowledge and skills so that we accomplish the basic job of teaching.(H)The effect of SSDL model in teaching practice(1). SSDL model is helpful in holding sport skill. The master-learning -model in stage one, with the faith that "everyone can study well", with the premise that "the study group composes with the students that their basic ability and ability tendency are different", with "the core of the teaching mode is traditional group teach更多还原