【作者】 李信强；

【导师】 杨国良；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 排球运动，英文名Volley Ball，即“空中飞球”，从排球运动的命名来看，它是一项以保证球不落地为前提的运动。从排球运动的发展史来看，为了满足这一条件，经历了由原始的以消遣、娱乐为目的的，简单击球的普及性活动到现代的以竞技为目的的，结合先进的技术战术和高空特点的专门性职业运动，虽然前后运动形式相同，但排球的职能发生了根本的转变。当今的排球已经成为融合了竞技和娱乐两大特点的世界范围内的运动。现代排球为满足竞技运动的特点，要求在技战术创新、多变的基础上，大力发展身高和弹跳高度。从中国排球发展史上我们可以看出，中国女排取得五联冠的辉煌，主要应归咎于以郎平为代表的年轻高大队员担当主力位置。这其中又以担当主攻位置的郎平的作用倍显突出，她融合以往各类主攻的特点，不但技术全面，而且弹跳高，是中国难得一见的主攻人才。由于主攻手郎平在中国队的突出地位，使得中国队的大部分战术的制定与实施都围绕着她展开，形成了一整套以郎平为中心的战术体系，并取得了巨大的成功。实践证明，主攻手的特点已经成为决定排球战术发展方向的重要因素，主攻手的核心作用初显端倪。 在竞技排球发展过程中，涌现出一大批优秀的主攻手，他们中许多人代表了一个时代，如八十年代的郎平、路易斯、冈萨雷斯、海曼，当代的芭芭拉、阿塔莫诺娃、卡拉蒂拉等等，她们对排球运动的发展起了不可低估的作用，排球运动正是因为有了她们而更加引人入胜，更加精彩。因此可以看出，排球运动对高主攻手的需求从来就没有停止过。但在排球场上毕竟是综合实力的反映，主攻手要想真正成为一个球队的灵魂，就必须要在多方面提高自己的能力。对于影响排球运动员竞技能力的因素，理论研究已经达到共识，主要包括技能、体能和心智能。其中技能包括技术和战术，体能包括身体形态、机能、素质，心智能则包括心理和智力。这只是普遍因素，对于排球主攻手来说，影响其竞技能力的主要因素应有针对性，本人在前人研究的基础上发现，影响主攻手竞技能力的主要因素集中在体能、技能和心理因素三个大的方面，这是由排球运动的项目特点和主攻手的位置特点决定的。本文在对影响排球主攻手竞技能力因素论述过程中，不仅论述了主要影响因素，还通过中外优秀主攻手的比较，阐述了现代主攻手的发展趋势。 排球运动作为同场隔网对抗的技能类集体项目，技能起着决定性作用，体能则是主攻手完成技能和提高竞技水平的充分保证。在技能和体能都处于较高水平时，心理因素往往在比赛中起着决定作用，尤其在高水平且实力接近的主攻手之间的较量，实际上比得就是心理，谁的心理稳定性好和承受能力强，谁就将取得比赛的胜利。这是本文在第一部分阐述的内容。在第二大部分，主要对现代主攻手竞技能力展开论述，通过对现代主攻手竞技能力的研究，将现代主攻手分为攻击型、策应型和全面型三种，并且对现代主攻手竞技能力模式进行了探讨。最后对如何提高主攻手竞技能力进行论述，以期对优秀主攻手选材和训练提供指导和建议，其中主要对选材中应注意的问题和主攻手训练的阶段性以及训练方法进行研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Volleyball sport, English names Volley Ball, namely" fly to the game in the sky", According to name of the volleyball movement, it is a sport taking guaranteeing that the ball does not fall as prerequisite . According to development history of the volleyball sport, for meet condition this, it goes through to be taking pastime, amusement as purpose by a primitive one, Popularization activity that bat briefly arrive a modern one taking sports as purpose, Combine advanced technological tactics and special job sport of the high altitude characteristic, Though before and after move form is the same , take place basic transition of function of volleyball. The current volleyball already got rid of the single function, became and merged the worldwide sports of two major characteristics of sports and amusement. Functions of the volleyball are diversified day by day among the sport evolution of volleyball. The modern volleyball requires it on skill tactics innovating, changeable foundation in order to satisfy the characteristic of the competitive sport, Develop height and bounce and highly become one of the developments trend of volleyball energetically, The volleyball has already become the giant’ s sport. We can find out Chinese Women’ s Volleyball Team make five unite brilliance that preceded from Chinese volleyball development history, Should impute to the young tall and big team member represented by Long Ping and take on the main position mainly. Among them with take on and attack mainly function time of Long Ping of position show outstandingly, She merged all kinds of characteristics that attacked mainly in the past, not only technology was overall, but also it is high to bounce, It is China’ s attacking talents mainly rare to see. Because outstanding status in China Team, Long Ping of main attacker,, make thiskind of China Team formulation and implementation of tactics launch around her, Have formed a whole set of tactics system of regarding Long Ping as the centre., and has made enormous success. Practice has proved , the characteristic of the main attacker has already become the important factor of volleyball tactics developing direction of decision, The main attacker’ s key function shows the clue for the first time.While the sports volleyball is developed, large quantities of outstanding main attackers emerge, They a lot of people represent first period of era, such as Long Ping, Louis, Gonzalez, sea in the eighties being graceful, Contemporary Barbara, they play a important role in volleyball development of sport, The volleyball sport is exactly more fascinating and more excellent because have them. Can find out volleyball sport stop to high demand of main attacker at all times. But the reflection of the comprehensive strength after all on the volleyball court, the main attacker should want to really become soul of a team, Must improve one’ s own ability in the many aspects . To the factor influencing sportsman’ s sports ability of volleyball, the theoretical research has already reached the common understanding, Include technical ability, physical stamina and heart intelligence mainly. Technical ability include technology and tactics among them, physical stamina include body form, function, quality, Heart intelligence includes the psychology and intelligence . This only general factor, to main attacker of volleyball, influence sports its main factor of ability pointed, I find , influence main attacker sports main factor of ability concentrate on physical stamina, technical ability, psychological factor 3 heavy at foundation that forefathers study, This characteristic and position of main attacker that characteristic determine by volleyball project of sport. While to influencing main attacker’s sports ability factor of volleyball to describe this text, Not only has described the main influence factor, pass the comparison of the outstanding main attackers of China and foreign countries , Have explained the development trend of the modern main attacker.Volleyball as through technical ability collect更多还原